Abstract: An optical touch system includes: a coordinate processor; a display device; and an optical element. The optical element is configured to emit light towards the display device and provide information about reflected light corresponding to a portion of the emitted light to the coordinate processor. The display device includes: a display panel configured to display an image, a touch substrate disposed on the display panel, the touch substrate including optical recesses each configured to reflect respectively different amounts of incident light, and a protective layer disposed on the touch substrate. The coordinate processor is configured to determine a touch or near-touch coordinate based on the information received from the optical element.

Abstract: A touch panel is provided that includes: a substrate; a plurality of X-axis lines disposed on the substrate; a plurality of Y-axis lines crossing the plurality of X-axis lines; and an insulating layer interposed between the X-axis lines and the Y-axis lines, in which at least one first X-axis line and at least one second X-axis line selected from among the plurality of X-axis lines are connected by a first connection portion, and among the plurality of Y-axis lines, a Y-axis line crossing the first X-axis line and the second X-axis line has a first area in a region where the Y-axis line overlaps the first X-axis line and a second area in a region where the Y-axis line overlaps the second X-axis line, and the first area and the second area are different from each other.

Abstract: A touch tactile display apparatus includes a display panel and a tactile touch portion. The tactile touch portion is configured to sense a touch by a user and provide an electro-tactile feeling to an area in which the touch is sensed. The tactile touch portion includes a first electrode, a touch processor and a tactile processor. The touch processor applies a first signal to the first electrode to extract a touch coordinate. The tactile processor applies a second signal different from the first signal to the first electrode to provide the electro-tactile feeling. The first signal and the second signal are applied at different times.

Abstract: A display device includes a display panel and a touch panel. The touch panel calculates coordinate information of an input position by an electrostatic capacitive method in a first mode and calculates the coordinate information of the input position by an electromagnetic induction method in a second mode. The touch panel includes scan line groups and source line groups, which are operated as touch electrodes or touch coils on the basis of the operating mode thereof. In addition, the touch panel includes touch electrodes and touch coils, which are individually operated on the basis of the operating mode thereof.

Abstract: A method for representing a tactile image and providing a touch function and a haptic feedback function to a tactile touch panel includes: applying a touch driving voltage to the tactile touch panel; and applying a tactile voltage corresponding to an image to be displayed to the tactile touch panel in a blanking interval when the touch driving voltage may be not applied to a plurality of touch driving lines of the tactile touch panel, when a touch sensing voltage corresponding to a touch on the tactile touch panel may be received through a plurality of touch sensing lines of the tactile touch panel.

Abstract: A method for representing a tactile image and providing a touch function and a haptic feedback function to a tactile touch panel includes: applying a touch driving voltage to the tactile touch panel; and applying a tactile voltage corresponding to an image to be displayed to the tactile touch panel in a blanking interval when the touch driving voltage may be not applied to a plurality of touch driving lines of the tactile touch panel, when a touch sensing voltage corresponding to a touch on the tactile touch panel may be received through a plurality of touch sensing lines of the tactile touch panel.

Abstract: Disclosed are an apparatus and method for managing user-centered context, the apparatus including a sensor level unit including a plurality of sensors to transmit respective pieces of first context collected from the plurality of sensors, a domain level unit including a plurality of domain context management modules (domain_U-CoUDE) to produce a first inferred context by aggregating and inferring a corresponding second context among the respective pieces of first context by use of a context model and transmit the produced first inferred context, and a user level unit including a plurality of user context management modules (user_U-CoUDE) to produce and transmit a second inferred context by aggregating and inferring the first inferred context by use of the context model, so that different forms of context generated from various domains are converted into a standardized from, thereby providing and using the context in a more efficient manner.

Abstract: A touch display device is provided which includes a display panel for displaying an image, and a touch screen panel disposed on the display panel and configured to sense at least one touch. The touch screen panel includes a touch substrate at which the touch can be generated; sensing electrodes provided on the touch substrate and spaced apart from one another, each of the sensing electrodes being formed of a piezoresistive material having a resistance value that varies according to an applied force; and a touch processor electrically connected to the sensing electrodes. The touch processor extracts a touch coordinate based on time constants of sensing signals applied to the sensing electrodes, and calculates a touch force of the touch based on resistance values of the sensing electrodes.

Abstract: A display device includes a display element. The display device may include a touch substrate overlapping the display element and may overlap an external object when the external object provides a touch to the display device. The display device may include a first angle sensor disposed at a first corner of the touch substrate for determining a first touch angle related to the touch. The display device may include a second angle sensor disposed at a second corner of the touch substrate for determining a second touch angle related to the touch. The display device may include a force sensor disposed at the first corner of the touch substrate for determining a distance related to the touch. The display device may include a computation part configured to determine a touch coordinate associated with the touch based on the first touch angle, the second touch angle, and the distance.

Abstract: A touch screen panel includes a driving line including a plurality of touch driving units, a sensing line substantially parallel to the driving line and which includes a plurality of touch sensing units, a first driving router disposed adjacent to the driving line and which transmits a first touch pulse to one of an even-numbered touch driving unit and an odd-numbered touch driving unit of the touch driving units, a second driving router disposed adjacent to the driving line and which transmits a second touch pulse to the other of the even-numbered touch driving unit and the odd-numbered touch driving unit of the touch driving units and a plurality of sensing routers connected to each of the touch sensing units and which receives a sensing signal from the touch sensing units.

Abstract: An apparatus for creating and managing personalized services includes: a pre-processing unit for converting vendor- and device-specific sensor data into a normalized form; an analysis unit for determining a current state of entities being managed based on the normalized sensor data to thereby determine whether current services and/or resources that have been allocated to a user are being satisfied or not; and a personalization unit for examining state-related context data to determine what action to take. The personalization of the services and/or resources provided to a user or set of users is managed by context-sensitive policy rules. In addition, a set of abstractions, in the form of preferences, profiles, and subscriptions, are collectively used to determine the set of services and/or resources, as a function of context, that a user or set of users are entitled to receive.

Abstract: A display apparatus includes a first base substrate, a touch sensing part provided on the first base substrate, an electronic device provided on the first base substrate, a black matrix provided on the first base substrate, a signal line provided on the black matrix to apply a driving signal to the electronic device, a second base substrate facing the first base substrate, and a liquid crystal layer disposed between the first base substrate and the second base substrate.

Abstract: A touch panel is provided that includes: a substrate; a plurality of X-axis lines disposed on the substrate; a plurality of Y-axis lines crossing the plurality of X-axis lines; and an insulating layer interposed between the X-axis lines and the Y-axis lines, in which at least one first X-axis line and at least one second X-axis line selected from among the plurality of X-axis lines are connected by a first connection portion, and among the plurality of Y-axis lines, a Y-axis line crossing the first X-axis line and the second X-axis line has a first area in a region where the Y-axis line overlaps the first X-axis line and a second area in a region where the Y-axis line overlaps the second X-axis line, and the first area and the second area are different from each other.

Abstract: Provided is an organic light emitting diode display. An organic light emitting diode display includes: a touch panel that includes a first substrate, a first electrode disposed on the first substrate, a photosensor disposed on the first electrode, and a second electrode disposed on the photosensor; and a display panel that includes a second substrate, a thin film transistor disposed on the second substrate, a pixel electrode disposed on the thin film transistor, an emission layer disposed on the pixel electrode, a common electrode disposed on the emission layer, a passivation layer disposed on the common electrode, and a column spacer disposed on the passivation layer, wherein the display panel is disposed on the touch panel, and the column spacer and the second electrode face each other and are spaced apart from each other.

Abstract: Disclosed is a nanoporous photocatalyst having a high specific surface area and high crystallinity and a method for preparing the same, capable of preparing nanoporous photocatalysts, which satisfy both of the high specific surface area of 350 m2/g to 650 m2/g and high crystallinity through a simple synthetic scheme, in mass production at a low price. The nanoporous catalyst having a high specific area and high crystallinity includes a plurality of nanopores having an average diameter of about 1 nm to about 3 nm. A micro-framework of the nanoporous photocatalyst has a single crystalline phase of anatase or a bicrystalline phase of anatase and brookite, and a specific surface area of the nanoporous photocatalyst is in a range of about 350 m2/g to 650 m2/g.

Abstract: A touch display apparatus includes a first substrate, a second substrate, a light emitting part, a light receiving part and a light transmitting element. The second substrate faces the first substrate. The light emitting part is adjacent to a first side of the first substrate, and generates and emits light to the first substrate. The light receiving part is adjacent to a first side of the second substrate at a same side of the touch display apparatus as the first side of the first substrate, and receives light from the second substrate. The light transmitting element connects a second side of the first substrate opposing the first side of the first substrate to a second side of the second substrate opposing the first side of the second substrate.

Abstract: A touch sensing apparatus includes a light source generating a light. The light travels though a light distribution part. A light guide part guides the light to the light distribution part. A light sensing part outputs an output signal corresponding to an intensity of the light incident through the light guide part and the light distribution part when a touch occurs. A light reflection part reflects the light provided to the light distribution part, and a coordinate generating part calculates a coordinate value of the touch using the output signal from the light sensing part.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of preparing high crystalline nanoporous titanium dioxide photocatalyst, capable of preparing the high crystalline nanoporous titanium dioxide photocatalyst in mass production through a simply synthesis method using an ultrasonification. The method includes the steps of (a) mixing a titanium precursor and a surfactant in a first solvent and performing a sol-gel reaction; (b) maturing a reactant obtained through the sol-gel reaction for 15 hours to 25 hours; (c) filtering the matured reactant and washing the matured reactant; (d) primarily drying the washed reactant at a temperature of 20° C. to 50° C. to obtain titanium sediments; (e) mixing the titanium sediments in a second solvent and performing an ultrasonification with respect to the mixed solution for 10 minutes to 120 minutes; and (f) secondarily drying the mixed solution, which has been subject to the ultrasonification, at a temperature of 15° C. to 45° C. to obtain titanium dioxide photocatalytic particles.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of preparing high crystalline nanoporous titanium dioxide, in which the high crystalline nanoporous titanium dioxide, which is harmless to the human body and self-purified through the decomposition of organic matters, is prepared in mass production at the room temperature through a simply synthesis method. The method includes the steps of (a) mixing a titanium precursor and a surfactant in a solvent and performing a sol-gel reaction at a room temperature; (b) maturing a reactant obtained through the sol-gel reaction at the room temperature; (c) filtering the matured reactant and washing the matured reactant; and (d) drying the washed reactant to obtain titanium dioxide having nanopores.

Abstract: A touch panel and a contact information determining method of the touch panel. A touch panel includes a plurality of transmitting members arranged with a predetermined interval therebetween, and a first sensor and a second sensor positioned respectively at a first terminal and a second terminal of a transmitting member, wherein a transmission signal is transmitted to the first sensor and the second sensor, in response to a contact on the transmitting member.