Abstract: Provided are a traffic management apparatus and method for controlling traffic congestion. The traffic management apparatus includes: a hierarchical queue configured to have a plurality of levels that are hierarchically different from each other; a Weighted Random Early Detection (WRED) management unit configured to allocate different weights to the respective levels, and to calculate a profile for each level; and a hierarchical scheduler configured to manage a packet according to each level, using the calculated profile for each level, thereby controlling traffic congestion.

Abstract: Provided are a method and apparatus for managing a multilevel link that may calculate a shortest path using a Generalized Multiprotocol Label Switching (GMPLS) control plane only, and may manage a single integrated traffic engineering (TE) link using the GMPLS control plane to control switches for various layers, in a cross layer network environment.

Abstract: There is provided a packet transport layer apparatus. The packet transport layer apparatus can receive frames having different formats via a single port by dividing a single physical port into a plurality of virtual ports according to each frame format, can increase the number of customer virtual local area networks (C-VLANs) and the number of service VLANs (S-VLANs) being usable at the same time by assigning a different component identifier (ID) to each frame format and using the component ID as a factor used in searching a filtering table, and can translate a frame format to be suited to a frame format allocated to a virtual output port.

Abstract: A method of managing traffic of packet transport system according to some embodiments of the inventive concept may include calculating an average queue size of input traffic with reference to a link capacity; and differently applying allowable length and probability of disuse with respect to the calculated average queue size according to marking information with respect to packets of the input traffic. The input traffic includes a CCM packet for OAM.

Abstract: An electrode module capable of improving productivity by integrally bonding a current collector and a pair of electrodes using a protective film. The current collector receives power from an external power supply, and the pair of electrodes receives power from the current collector. The current collector and electrodes are integrally bonded by thermocompression using a protective film.

Abstract: In order to transmit an extended protocol message for the purpose of controlling a service of a connection-oriented Ethernet including a plurality of nodes, when an LSP (Label Switched Path) generation request message is received, a path message including an object for delivery of upstream service frame information and an object modified for the transmission of traffic information of a service frame for downstream traffic policing is generated, the path message including the LSP generation request message. When a second node, one of the plurality of nodes, receives the path message from the first node, it generates a reservation (RESV) message including an object added for the transmission of a downstream service frame information and an object modified for the transmission of traffic information of a service frame for upstream traffic policing in response to the LSP generation request message.

Abstract: In order to transmit an extended protocol message for the purpose of controlling a service of a connection-oriented Ethernet including a plurality of nodes, when an LSP (Label Switched Path) generation request message is received, a path message including an object for delivery of upstream service frame information and an object modified for the transmission of traffic information of a service frame for downstream traffic policing is generated, the path message including the LSP generation request message. When a second node, one of the plurality of nodes, receives the path message from the first node, it generates a reservation (RESV) message including an object added for the transmission of a downstream service frame information and an object modified for the transmission of traffic information of a service frame for upstream traffic policing in response to the LSP generation request message.

Abstract: An ESD protective device having a low capacitance and stability characteristics constructed by installing a voltage sensitive material between electrodes. The voltage sensitive material comprises a fluorescent substance. The voltage sensitive material may be barium aluminate. The voltage sensitive material may be zinc silicate. The voltage sensitive material may be zinc sulfide. The voltage sensitive material is doped with a metal atom such as Mn, Cu and Eu. The device does not distort a signal wave pattern and have low capacitance of 0.5 pF or lower.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for searching a forwarding table are provided.

Abstract: There is provided a packet transport layer apparatus. The packet transport layer apparatus can receive frames having different formats via a single port by dividing a single physical port into a plurality of virtual ports according to each frame format, can increase the number of customer virtual local area networks (C-VLANs) and the number of service VLANs (S-VLANs) being usable at the same time by assigning a different component identifier (ID) to each frame format and using the component ID as a factor used in searching a filtering table, and can translate a frame format to be suited to a frame format allocated to a virtual output port.

Abstract: In the deionization apparatus, among a pair of electrode modules to which a power is applied, only one electrode module includes an electrode capable of adsorbing ions to impart an ion-adsorption capability thereto and the other electrode module includes an electrode having no ion-adsorption capability not to impart an ion-adsorption capability thereto, to remove only one of cations and anions, in order to improve production efficiency and reduce manufacturing costs.

Abstract: Provided is a method of processing a packet for improving performance of an Ethernet switch. According to the present invention, a routine of searching a virtual local area network (VLAN) table by a decapsulation microblock and a bridge microblock may be performed by a core component when a core component generates tables and thus the number of memory accesses may be reduced. Also, VLAN port state information of an input port and VLAN port tagging information of an output port may be stored in metadata and may be transmitted to a next microblock. Accordingly, a duplicate memory access routine of the bridge microblock and an encapsulation microblock may be removed and thus an access time delay may be reduced, thereby improving performance of an Ethernet switch.

Abstract: A regeneration method to rapidly and efficiently desorb ions after the ions are absorbed to electrodes in a deionization apparatus to eliminate ion components in a fluid (liquid and gas) is disclosed. A plurality of cells including a plurality of electrodes to absorb ions included in a fluid are connected to configure a stack. In a capacitive deionization (CDI) apparatus including at least two stacks, if 0 V is applied as a method of desorbing the ions and regenerating the electrodes after the ions are absorbed to the electrodes, and the cells or the stacks are connected in series in a state in which the cell units and the stack units obtained by connecting the cells are electrically disconnected from a power source, the capacitance of the entire system is reduced, a discharging time is shortened, and the ions are rapidly and efficiently desorbed.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are novel naphthalene-2-carboxylate derivatives of Formula (I), which are useful for the synthesis of gemcitabine, as well as a preparation method. The novel derivatives have naphthalene-2-carboxlate as the hydroxy protecting group of 2-deoxy-2,2-difluoro-pentofuranose-1-ulose. (I) wherein R1 and R2 are each independently hydrogen, methyl, chloro, fluoro, bromo, iodo, methoxy, ethoxy or nitro.

Abstract: An electrode module, and more particularly, an electrode module capable of improving productivity by integrally bonding a current collector and a pair of electrodes using a protective film is provided. The electrode module includes a current collector to receive power from an external power supply, and a pair of electrodes to receive power from the current collector, in which the current collector and electrodes are integrally bonded by thermocompression using a protective film.

Abstract: Provided are an ingress node and an egress node on a Multi-Protocol Label Switching (MPLS) network, with an improved packet transfer rate, and a packet transfer rate improving method in a MPLS network system. By assigning a MPLS label to a destination MAC address of a packet in order to guarantee Quality of Service (QoS), it is possible to distributively transmit packets through a variety of paths on a MPLS network and thus improve a packet transfer rate.

Abstract: An electronic apparatus having a load including: a power supply unit supplying a driving voltage to the load; an inverter unit switching the driving voltage; and a control voltage supply unit outputting a first control voltage lower than a reference voltage applied to one terminal of the inverter unit, and a second control voltage higher than the reference voltage, thus controlling the inverter unit. Thus, the electronic apparatus and power circuit are capable of improving a control voltage applied to an inverter unit to reduce the switching loss of the inverter unit.

Abstract: A method and system for user-friendly forwarding entry management based on inter-process communication (IPC) is provided. The system includes a function input unit inputting a command for forwarding entry management; and an automated process unit verifying parameters included in the function to create a user table, extracting information for creating a forwarding entry management table from the user table, and outputting a forwarding entry management message including the extracted information. The method includes inputting a command for forwarding entry management; verifying parameters included in the command; creating a user table using the parameters if the verification is successful; extracting information for creating a forwarding entry management table from the user table; and outputting a forwarding entry management message including the extracted information.

Abstract: Provided is a dispersion-shifted fiber for an optical parametric amplifier. The dispersion-shifted fiber is a silica-based optical fiber and has a large nonlinear coefficient and a small effective area. The dispersion-shifted fiber also reduces a bending loss and a splice loss due to a mode field diameter difference between it and a conventional single mode fiber. For this, the dispersion-shifted fiber comprises a rectangular core with a very small radius and a high refractive index, a depressed inner clad, and an outer clad with a ring. The core and/or the inner clad are/is doped with a heavy metal.

Abstract: Provided are a Raman amplifier and a Raman pumping method. A light source unit outputs a pumping light having a wavelength that periodically changes. A light intensity control unit varies a light intensity of the pumping light using the pumping light to improve the gain flatness of a Raman gain. A control unit directs the light intensity control unit to control the light intensity of the pumping light in synchronization with changes in the wavelength of the pumping light.