Abstract: A gene amplification chip includes a chamber layer, a cover layer, a bottom layer, an inlet, and an outlet. The chamber layer has a first passage and through holes which are formed on one side of the first passage. The cover layer is disposed on one side of the chamber layer and has a cover channel formed to communicate with the first passage and the through holes, wherein the cover channel, the first passage and the through holes allow passage of liquids in a divided manner. The bottom layer is disposed on another side of the chamber layer and has a bottom channel formed to communicate with the first passage and the through holes. The inlet is formed in the cover layer and communicates with the cover channel. The outlet communicates with any one of the cover channel and the bottom channel.

Abstract: An apparatus for measuring a concentration of a target gas includes: a gas sensor including a sensing layer having an electric resistance that changes by an oxidation reaction or a reduction reaction between gas molecules and the sensing layer; and a processor configured to, in response to the target gas being introduced along with air into the gas sensor, monitor a change of the electric resistance of the sensing layer and determine the concentration of the target gas by analyzing a shape of the change of the electric resistance.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a system and method for an abnormal waveform in a power distribution system that quickly transmits abnormal waveform-related data of a large size by changing a protocol according to data size. The system for detecting an abnormal power quality waveform comprises: a plurality of RTUs for measuring abnormal waveform when a waveform measuring signal received, and transmitting an abnormal waveform using a protocol set according to the size of the abnormal waveform; an FEP for transmitting the waveform measuring signal to an RTU installed in a failure section, and receiving and storing the abnormal waveform from the RTU; a main server for transmitting the waveform measuring signal through the FEP to the RTU installed in the failure section, performing controlling to measure the abnormal waveform generated in the failure section, and receiving and displaying the abnormal waveform according to the waveform measuring signal.

Abstract: Provided are an apparatus and method for minimizing a distribution loss which reconstructs the system construction of a distribution system in consideration of section load characteristics of mutually different distribution system. The apparatus for minimizing a distribution loss which determines a loss calculation period for detecting a loss minimization time point using mutually different distribution systems, calculates loss values of mutually different distribution systems set according to each time point of the loss calculation period, and calculates a total loss value, and selects the mutually different distribution systems one by one during the loss calculation period, and calculates a loss value for specific systems of each distribution system in consideration of a change of a section load in each selected distribution system, determines a loss minimization time point using the specific system loss value of each distribution system and the total loss value.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an apparatus and method for performing adjustment to optimize the voltage for each distribution network in a power distribution system. The apparatus for adjusting a voltage in the power distribution system adjusts the voltage by switching a switch that lies on a path in the power distribution system. The apparatus determines a switch that is to become a switching target from among switches lying on the path, obtains a voltage optimization value of the determined switching target switch, selects a switch having the minimum voltage optimization value by changing the switching target switch to another switch in order to obtain the voltage optimization value, and adjusts the voltage through switching of the selected switch.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a system and method for an abnormal waveform in a power distribution system that quickly transmits abnormal waveform-related data of a large size by changing a protocol according to data size. The system for detecting an abnormal power quality waveform comprises: a plurality of RTUs for measuring abnormal waveform when a waveform measuring signal received, and transmitting an abnormal waveform using a protocol set according to the size of the abnormal waveform; an FEP for transmitting the waveform measuring signal to an RTU installed in a failure section, and receiving and storing the abnormal waveform from the RTU; a main server for transmitting the waveform measuring signal through the FEP to the RTU installed in the failure section, performing controlling to measure the abnormal waveform generated in the failure section, and receiving and displaying the abnormal waveform according to the waveform measuring signal.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an apparatus and method for performing adjustment to optimize the voltage for each distribution network in a power distribution system. The apparatus for adjusting a voltage in the power distribution system adjusts the voltage by switching a switch that lies on a path in the power distribution system. The apparatus determines a switch that is to become a switching target from among switches lying on the path, obtains a voltage optimization value of the determined switching target switch, selects a switch having the minimum voltage optimization value by changing the switching target switch to another switch in order to obtain the voltage optimization value, and adjusts the voltage through switching of the selected switch.

Abstract: Provided are an apparatus and method for minimizing a distribution loss which reconstructs the system construction of a distribution system in consideration of section load characteristics of mutually different distribution system. The apparatus for minimizing a distribution loss which determines a loss calculation period for detecting a loss minimization time point using mutually different distribution systems, calculates loss values of mutually different distribution systems set according to each time point of the loss calculation period, and calculates a total loss value, and selects the mutually different distribution systems one by one during the loss calculation period, and calculates a loss value for specific systems of each distribution system in consideration of a change of a section load in each selected distribution system, determines a loss minimization time point using the specific system loss value of each distribution system and the total loss value.