Abstract: Structures for a photonics chip that include a photodetector and methods of forming such structures. The structure comprises a photodetector including a pad and a semiconductor layer on the pad. The structure further comprises a waveguiding structure including a first waveguide core, a second waveguide core, a slot between the first waveguide core and the second waveguide core, and a plurality of waveguide core segments. The waveguiding structure is adjoined to a side edge of the pad adjacent to the semiconductor layer. Each of the plurality of waveguide core segments includes a portion that is disposed in the slot.

Abstract: Structures for a photonics chip that include a photodetector and methods of forming such structures. The structure comprises a photodetector including a pad and a semiconductor layer on the pad. The pad includes a side edge and a first waveguide core that extends from the side edge adjacent to the semiconductor layer. The structure further comprises a second waveguide core including a section adjoined to the side edge of the pad adjacent to the first waveguide core.

Abstract: Structures for a photonics chip that include a photodetector and methods of forming such structures. The structure comprises a photodetector, a first waveguide core coupled to the photodetector, and a second waveguide core coupled to the photodetector. The structure further comprises a third waveguide core including a section disposed laterally between a section of the first waveguide core and a section of the second waveguide core.

Abstract: Structures for a photonic chip that include a photodetector and methods of forming such structures. The structure comprises a photodetector including a pad, a first semiconductor layer on the pad, and a second semiconductor layer on the pad. The second semiconductor layer is laterally spaced from the first semiconductor layer. The structure further comprises a first waveguide core connected to the pad adjacent to the first semiconductor layer, and a second waveguide core connected to the pad adjacent to the second semiconductor layer.

Abstract: Structures for a photonics chip that include a photodetector and methods of forming such structures. The structure comprises a photodetector that is disposed on a substrate and that includes a light-absorbing layer. The light-absorbing layer includes a sidewall and a notch in the sidewall. The structure further comprises a waveguide core including a section adjacent to the notch in the sidewall of the light-absorbing layer.

Abstract: Provided is a method of managing a data history and a device performing the method. The method of managing the data history includes generating second data based on first data, calculating a second hash value for the second data based on the second data and a first hash value for the first data, and storing the second hash value on a blockchain network to verify the second data, and a history of the first data is verified using the first hash value stored on the blockchain network.

Abstract: Structures for an optical coupler and methods of forming a structure for an optical coupler. The structure comprises a stacked waveguide core including a first waveguide core and a second waveguide core. The first waveguide core includes a first tapered section, and the second waveguide core includes a second tapered section positioned to overlap with the first tapered section. The structure further comprises a third waveguide core including a third tapered section positioned adjacent to the first tapered section of the first waveguide core and the second tapered section of the second waveguide core.

Abstract: A structure includes a polarization device such as a polarization splitter, a polarization combiner or a polarization splitter rotator including a waveguide having a light absorber at an end section with an at least hook shape, e.g., it can be hooked or spiral shape. The structure also includes another waveguide adjacent the stated waveguide. The hook or spiral shape acts as a light absorber that reduces undesired optical noise such as excessive light insertion loss and/or light scattering. The hook or spiral shape may also be used on supplemental waveguides used to further filter and/or refine an optical signal in one of the waveguides of the polarization device, e.g., downstream of an output section of the polarization splitter and/or rotator.

Abstract: A refrigerant circulating apparatus of a vehicle includes a compressor configured to compress a refrigerant, at least one heat-exchanger configured to heat-exchange the refrigerant, at least one valve configured to selectively flow the refrigerant to the at least one heat-exchanger, and a refrigerant fluid line unit mounted with the compressor, the at least one heat-exchanger, and the at least one valve, and interiorly formed with a plurality of fluid lines to flow the refrigerant to the compressor and the at least one heat-exchanger by a selective operation of the at least one valve, where the refrigerant fluid line unit includes a first fluid line mounting plate and a second fluid line mounting plate coupled to each other.

Abstract: A refrigerant circulating apparatus of a vehicle includes a compressor configured to compress a refrigerant, at least one heat-exchanger configured to exchange with the refrigerant, at least one valve configured to selectively provide the refrigerant to the at least one heat-exchanger, a bracket that supports the compressor, and a fluid line plate that is coupled to the bracket and disposed adjacent to the at least one heat-exchanger and the at least one valve. The fluid line plate includes a plurality of fluid lines defined inside the fluid line plate and configured to provide the refrigerant to the at least one heat-exchanger based on operation of the at least one valve.

Abstract: Structures for a thermo-optic phase shifter and methods of forming a thermo-optic phase shifter. The structure comprises a semiconductor substrate, and a heater including a first resistive heating element, a second resistive heating element, and a slab layer connecting the first resistive heating element to the second resistive heating element. The first resistive heating element and the second resistive heating element have a first thickness, and the slab layer has a second thickness that is less than the first thickness. The structure further comprises a waveguide core including a portion that is laterally positioned between the first resistive heating element and the second resistive heating element. The slab layer of the heater is disposed between the portion of the waveguide core and the semiconductor substrate.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a novel microorganism, a lysate thereof, a culture solution thereof, an extract of the culture solution, a vesicle derived from the novel microorganism, and anti-inflammatory and/or antibacterial use of the foregoing. The novel strain and the vesicle derived therefrom according to an embodiment may be useful for the prevention, amelioration, or treatment of inflammation-related conditions or bacterial infections.

Abstract: A structure includes a polarization device such as a polarization splitter, a polarization combiner or a polarization splitter rotator including a waveguide having a light absorber at an end section with an at least hook shape, e.g., it can be hooked or spiral shape. The structure also includes another waveguide adjacent the stated waveguide. The hook or spiral shape acts as a light absorber that reduces undesired optical noise such as excessive light insertion loss and/or light scattering. The hook or spiral shape may also be used on supplemental waveguides used to further filter and/or refine an optical signal in one of the waveguides of the polarization device, e.g., downstream of an output section of the polarization splitter and/or rotator.

Abstract: Structures for an optical coupler and methods of forming a structure for an optical coupler. The structure comprises a stacked waveguide core including a first waveguide core and a second waveguide core. The first waveguide core includes a first tapered section, and the second waveguide core includes a second tapered section positioned to overlap with the first tapered section. The structure further comprises a third waveguide core including a third tapered section positioned adjacent to the first tapered section of the first waveguide core and the second tapered section of the second waveguide core.

Abstract: Provided is a de-identification method for big data, for anonymizing the big data so that the big data may be freely distributed to an external system without concern about personal information leakage and enabling a statistical value calculated from the distributed data to be maximally close to a statistical value of original data to thereby secure the reliability of statistical analysis. Records in which values of abstraction reference fields are all the same and the number thereof is less than or equal to N are separately grouped without being excluded from being abstracted, and a connection-type attribute value including an occurrence rate value of a corresponding category attribute value in a group is allocated as an attribute value of an abstracted record to minimize abstraction missing data, so that the statistical value calculated from the distributed data becomes maximally close to the statistical value of the original data.

Abstract: Disclosed is a photonic structure and associated method. The structure includes a closed-curve waveguide having a first height, as measured from the top surface of an insulator layer, and an outer curved sidewall that extends essentially vertically the full first height (e.g., to minimize signal loss). The structure includes a closed-curve thermal coupler and a heating element. The closed-curve thermal coupler is thermally coupled to and laterally surrounded by the closed-curve waveguide and has a second height that is less than the first height. In some embodiments, the closed-curve waveguide and the closed-curve thermal coupler are continuous portions of the same semiconductor layer having different thicknesses. The heating element is thermally coupled to the closed-curve thermal coupler and thereby indirectly thermally coupled to the closed-curve waveguide.

Abstract: A display device can include a display panel configured to display an image, a scan driving circuit configured to supply a scan signal to the display panel, and a data driving circuit configured to supply a data voltage to the display panel. The data driving circuit can include a data controller configured to vary an output timing of the data voltage based on independent control for each of at least one latch.

Abstract: Provided is a method of managing a data history and a device performing the method. The method of managing the data history includes generating second data based on first data, calculating a second hash value for the second data based on the second data and a first hash value for the first data, and storing the second hash value on a blockchain network to verify the second data, and a history of the first data is verified using the first hash value stored on the blockchain network.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to semiconductor structures and, more particularly, to waveguide attenuators and methods of manufacture. The structure includes: a main bus waveguide structure; a first hybrid waveguide structure evanescently coupled to the main bus waveguide structure and comprising a first geometry of material; and a second hybrid waveguide structure evanescently coupled to the main bus waveguide structure and comprising a second geometry of the material.

Abstract: A display device can include a display panel configured to display an image, a scan driving circuit configured to supply a scan signal to the display panel, and a data driving circuit configured to supply a data voltage to the display panel. The data driving circuit can include a data controller configured to vary an output timing of the data voltage based on independent control for each of at least one latch.