Abstract: A parking lever switch may include a spring supporter; a switch input and output terminal, which can contact the spring supporter; an elastic spring supporting the spring supporter; a cable rod connected with the spring supporter; and a cable guide that guides the cable rod. The switch is energized when the force applied to the spring supporter connected with the cable rod is equal to or greater than the value obtained by multiplying a spring constant k of the elastic spring by a displacement.

Abstract: A parking lever switch may include a spring supporter; a switch input and output terminal, which can contact the spring supporter; an elastic spring supporting the spring supporter; a cable rod connected with the spring supporter; and a cable guide that guides the cable rod. The switch is energized when the force applied to the spring supporter connected with the cable rod is equal to or greater than the value obtained by multiplying a spring constant k of the elastic spring by a displacement.

Abstract: The present invention relates not only to a fourth-generation (4G) communication system, such as long-term evolution (LTE), but also to a fifth-generation (5G) or pre-5G communication system to be provided to support a higher data transfer rate. The present invention provides a method for a first device in a communication system supporting a device-to-device (D2D) scheme, the method comprising the steps of: when existence of a second D2D device, of which the location information needs to be detected, has been detected, transmitting a discovery request message which requests activation of at least one of an urgent discovery operation and a location measurement operation; receiving a discovery response message to the discovery request message from at least one device including the second device; and transmitting, to the second device, information related to execution of the location measurement operation.

Abstract: Disclosed are a method, communication scheme and a system thereof for converging an IoT technology and a 5G communication system for supporting a high data transmission rate beyond that of a 4G system. The method, communication scheme and a system can be applied to intelligent services (for example, services related to a smart home, smart building, smart city, smart car, connected car, health care, digital education, retail business, security, and safety) based on the 5G communication technology and the IoT-related technology. A method for allocating resources for D2D communication by a User Equipment (UE) includes: identifying a movement direction of the UE; selecting a resource pool mapped to the identified movement direction among resource pools allocated according to the movement direction; and performing D2D communication using the selected resource pool.

Abstract: The present invention relates not only to a fourth-generation (4G) communication system, such as long-term evolution (LTE), but also to a fifth-generation (5G) or pre-5G communication system to be provided to support a higher data transfer rate. The present invention provides a method for a first device in a communication system supporting a device-to-device (D2D) scheme, the method comprising the steps of: when existence of a second D2D device, of which the location information needs to be detected, has been detected, transmitting a discovery request message which requests activation of at least one of an urgent discovery operation and a location measurement operation; receiving a discovery response message to the discovery request message from at least one device including the second device; and transmitting, to the second device, information related to execution of the location measurement operation.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a pre-5th-Generation (5G) or 5G communication system to be provided for supporting higher data rates Beyond 4th-Generation (4G) communication system such as Long Term Evolution (LTE). In particular, the present invention relates to an apparatus and method for position measurement in a wireless communication system. An operating method of a terminal in the wireless communication system includes transmitting a signal for requesting for positioning, and receiving positioning signals for the positioning of the terminal from a plurality of other terminals.

Abstract: Disclosed are a method, communication scheme and a system thereof for converging an IoT technology and a 5G communication system for supporting a high data transmission rate beyond that of a 4G system. The method, communication scheme and a system can be applied to intelligent services (for example, services related to a smart home, smart building, smart city, smart car, connected car, health care, digital education, retail business, security, and safety) based on the 5G communication technology and the IoT-related technology. A method for allocating resources for D2D communication by a User Equipment (UE) includes: identifying a movement direction of the UE; selecting a resource pool mapped to the identified movement direction among resource pools allocated according to the movement direction; and performing D2D communication using the selected resource pool.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a device-to-device (D2D) communication for direct communication between nodes in a wireless communication system, wherein an operation method of a terminal includes the steps of: generating sequences, which belong to an orthogonal sequence set, according to a sequence pattern corresponding to a priority of a link; and transmitting the sequences, as signals for measurement of a reception electric power of a counterpart terminal, through sub-blocks within a channel, wherein one sequence is transmitted through each of the sub-blocks.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a pre-5th-Generation (5G) or 5G communication system to be provided for supporting higher data rates Beyond 4th-Generation (4G) communication system such as Long Term Evolution (LTE). In particular, the present invention relates to an apparatus and method for position measurement in a wireless communication system. An operating method of a terminal in the wireless communication system includes transmitting a signal for requesting for positioning, and receiving positioning signals for the positioning of the terminal from a plurality of other terminals.

Abstract: A method for operating a device in a wireless communication system supporting Device to Device (D2D) communication system includes receiving a reference signal from each of at least one transmitting device, estimating a frequency offset between the reference signals and a comparison reference signal corresponding to the reference signals, and adjusting a transmit frequency of a voltage controlled oscillator of the device using the estimated frequency offset estimation. An apparatus for compensating for a frequency offset of a device in a wireless communication system supporting Device to Device (D2D) communication system includes a frequency offset estimator configured to receive reference signals from each of at least one transmitting device, and estimating a frequency offset between the reference signals and a comparison reference signal corresponding to the reference signals, and a voltage controlled oscillator configured to adjust a transmit frequency using the estimated frequency offset.

Abstract: Disclosed are a method, communication scheme and a system thereof for converging an IoT technology and a 5G communication system for supporting a high data transmission rate beyond that of a 4G system. The method, communication scheme and a system can be applied to intelligent services (for example, services related to a smart home, smart building, smart city, smart car, connected car, health care, digital education, retail business, security, and safety) based on the 5G communication technology and the IoT-related technology. A method for allocating resources for D2D communication by a User Equipment (UE) includes: identifying a movement direction of the UE; selecting a resource pool mapped to the identified movement direction among resource pools allocated according to the movement direction; and performing D2D communication using the selected resource pool.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a device-to-device (D2D) communication for direct communication between nodes in a wireless communication system, wherein an operation method of a terminal includes the steps of: generating sequences, which belong to an orthogonal sequence set, according to a sequence pattern corresponding to a priority of a link; and transmitting the sequences, as signals for measurement of a reception electric power of a counterpart terminal, through sub-blocks within a channel, wherein one sequence is transmitted through each of the sub-blocks.

Abstract: A method for operating a device in a wireless communication system supporting Device to Device (D2D) communication system includes receiving a reference signal from each of at least one transmitting device, estimating a frequency offset between the reference signals and a comparison reference signal corresponding to the reference signals, and adjusting a transmit frequency of a voltage controlled oscillator of the device using the estimated frequency offset estimation. An apparatus for compensating for a frequency offset of a device in a wireless communication system supporting Device to Device (D2D) communication system includes a frequency offset estimator configured to receive reference signals from each of at least one transmitting device, and estimating a frequency offset between the reference signals and a comparison reference signal corresponding to the reference signals, and a voltage controlled oscillator configured to adjust a transmit frequency using the estimated frequency offset.

Abstract: Provided are a wireless communication system and a method of performing communication in the same. The wireless communication system includes a terminal configured to classify all subcarriers into a first group and a second group and allocate subcarriers of the first group to first symbols and subcarriers of the second group to the first symbols again to generate and transmit a first transmission signal, a base station configured to allocate the subcarriers of the first group to second symbols and the subcarriers of the second group to third symbols to generate and transmit a second transmission signal, and a relay configured to receive the first and second transmission signals and perform maximum likelihood (ML) determination of frequency domain signals of the first and second transmission signals to estimate the first to third symbols.

Abstract: Provided are a method and apparatus for extracting facial features from an image containing a face. The method and apparatus filter an input image using a filter set for face recognition at each of predetermined locations in the input image, merge values obtained by filtering the input image at locations, which are horizontally symmetrical to each other with respect to the center of the face, and synthesize values obtained by filtering the input image at locations which are not symmetrical to each other with respect to the center of the face with the merged values. Therefore, the time, feature values, and storage space required to extract or compare facial features can be significantly reduced. In addition, a face recognition system that runs well on low specification hardware can be implemented.

Abstract: Provided are a wireless communication system and a method of performing communication in the same. The wireless communication system includes a terminal configured to classify all subcarriers into a first group and a second group and allocate subcarriers of the first group to first symbols and subcarriers of the second group to the first symbols again to generate and transmit a first transmission signal, a base station configured to allocate the subcarriers of the first group to second symbols and the subcarriers of the second group to third symbols to generate and transmit a second transmission signal, and a relay configured to receive the first and second transmission signals and perform maximum likelihood (ML) determination of frequency domain signals of the first and second transmission signals to estimate the first to third symbols.

Abstract: A method, medium, and apparatus with a generated object descriptor using a curvature gabor filter, with complementary object recognition being performed by applying a general gabor filter and a curvature gabor filter having various curvatures, such that the dimension and efficiency of a feature vector can be increased by detecting correlations between features of an object searching for a parameter and its position of an optimal curvature gabor filter through boosting learning, and projecting the extracted features onto a base vector having the highest classification rate.

Abstract: Provided are a method and apparatus for extracting facial features from an image containing a face. The method and apparatus filter an input image using a filter set for face recognition at each of predetermined locations in the input image, merge values obtained by filtering the input image at locations, which are horizontally symmetrical to each other with respect to the center of the face, and synthesize values obtained by filtering the input image at locations which are not symmetrical to each other with respect to the center of the face with the merged values. Therefore, the time, feature values, and storage space required to extract or compare facial features can be significantly reduced. In addition, a face recognition system that runs well on low specification hardware can be implemented.

Abstract: A face descriptor generating method and apparatus and face recognition method and apparatus using extended local binary pattern (LBP) are provided. Since LBP features are selected by performing a supervised learning process on the extended LBP features and the selected extended LBP features are used in face recognition, it is possible to reduce errors in face recognition or identity verification and to increase face recognition efficiency. In addition, the extended LBP features are used so that it is possible to overcome the problem of time-consumption of the process.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for extracting feature vectors for face recognition and retrieval are provided. An entire Fourier feature vector is generated for an entire face area of a normalized face image using first and second normalized vectors, and a central Fourier feature vector is generated for a central face area of the normalized face image using third and fourth normalized vectors. An entire intensity feature vector is generated for the entire face area, and a local intensity feature vector is generated for a predetermined number of face component-wise areas. An entire composite feature vector is generated by coupling the first and second normalized vectors and the entire intensity feature, and a central composite feature vector is generated by coupling the third and fourth normalized vectors and the local intensity feature vectors.