Abstract: The present invention relates to a context-based QA generation architecture, and an object of the present invention is to generate diverse QA pairs from a single context. To achieve the object, the present invention includes a latent variable generating network including at least one encoder and an artificial neural network (Multi-Layer Perceptron: MLP) and configured to train the artificial neural network using a first context, a first question, and a first answer, and generate a second question latent variable and a second answer latent variable by applying the trained artificial neural network to a second context, an answer generating network configured to generate a second answer by decoding the second answer latent variable, and a question generating network configured to generate a second question based on a second context and the second answer.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for reinforcing a multiple-choice QA model based on adversarial learning techniques, wherein incorrect answers are further generated based on a data set used in the process of training the multiple-choice QA model to enrich data which are learnable by the multiple-choice QA model.

Abstract: A secondary battery includes: a can having an accommodation space therein; an electrode assembly accommodated in the accommodation space in the can; and a cap assembly sealed with the can. The can has a beading part recessed into a side wall of the can at a region below where the cap assembly is accommodated, and the beading part has an acute angle with respect to the side wall of the can.

Abstract: A method of generating a map for visual localization includes specifying a virtual camera pose by using 3-dimensional (3D) model data which is based on an image of an outdoor space captured from the air; rendering the image of the outdoor space from a perspective of the virtual camera, by using the virtual camera pose and the 3D model data; and generating a feature point map by using the rendered image and the virtual camera pose.

Abstract: An image processing device including: a decision pixel manager for setting a decision area for a defect candidate pixel, and determining a first decision pixel and a second decision pixel, based on first phase information of pixels included in the decision area with respect to a first modulation frequency of a sensing light source among the pixels; a target pixel determiner for calculating a phase difference between the first decision pixel and the second decision pixel, based on second phase information of the pixels with respect to a second modulation frequency of the sensing light source, and determining the defect candidate pixel as a target pixel, corresponding to that the phase difference exceeds a predetermined reference value; and a phase corrector for changing a phase of the target pixel, based on the phase difference.

Abstract: The present invention may provide an organic electroluminescent device which exhibits low driving voltage as well as high efficiency by including an electron transporting layer material having an improved electron transporting ability.

Abstract: A landing guide system using an energy analysis of a UAM air vehicle is disclosed. A UAM air vehicle consists of a UAM air vehicle landing guide device for guiding a landing by analyzing a movement of the UAM air vehicle in a descent and approach section of the UAM air vehicle to a vertiport, and a remote control terminal that monitors the descent and approach section of the UAM air vehicle in real time through the UAM air vehicle landing guide device. The UAM air vehicle is configured to output a warning for safe descent and access according to a predetermined standard in accordance with the guide of the above UAM air vehicle landing guide device in the descent and approach section.

Abstract: Disclosed is an endoscope apparatus. The endoscope apparatus of the present invention includes: an endoscope including a flexible insertion section to be inserted into a human body; a flexible channel attached to the insertion section so that a part forms a passage in a longitudinal direction of the insertion section; and an assistant arm movably inserted into the passage and manipulated by a control device, and the assistant arm includes forceps capable of gripping a human body tissue, and a bending section bent by the control device to pull the human body tissue griped by the forceps.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for providing a Feistel-based variable length block cipher, which are configured to, when plaintext having a certain bit length is encrypted, generate ciphertext having the same bit length as plaintext, and to decrypt ciphertext into plaintext having the same bit length. The apparatus includes an encryption/decryption key generation unit for generating a number of encryption/decryption keys corresponding to a preset number of rounds, based on a secret key, the length of the secret key, the length of plaintext, and a round constant; an encryption/decryption tweak generation unit for generating an encryption/decryption tweak based on a tweak, a length of tweak, and the length of plaintext; and a ciphertext output unit for outputting ciphertext having length identical to that of plaintext, based on plaintext, the length of the plaintext, the length of the secret key, the encryption/decryption keys, and the encryption/decryption tweak.

Abstract: An operation apparatus includes a message expansion unit, a state data initiation unit, a state data generation unit, and a chain variable update unit. The message expansion unit generates a plurality of expanded messages using a message. The state data initiation unit generates the initial value of state data using chain variable data. The state data generation unit generates the final value of the state data by iterating a combination function and a step function using the state data and the plurality of expanded messages. The chain variable update unit updates the chain variable data using the state data of the final value.

Abstract: An operation apparatus includes a message expansion unit, a state data initiation unit, a state data generation unit, and a chain variable update unit. The message expansion unit generates a plurality of expanded messages using a message. The state data initiation unit generates the initial value of state data using chain variable data. The state data generation unit generates the final value of the state data by iterating a combination function and a step function using the state data and the plurality of expanded messages. The chain variable update unit updates the chain variable data using the state data of the final value.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for providing a Feistel-based variable length block cipher, which are configured to when plaintext having a certain bit length is encrypted, generate ciphertext having the same bit length as plaintext, and to decrypt ciphertext into plaintext having the same bit length. The apparatus includes an encryption/decryption key generation unit for generating a number of encryption/decryption keys corresponding to a preset number of rounds, based on a secret key, the length of the secret key, the length of plaintext, and a round constant; an encryption/decryption tweak generation unit for generating an encryption/decryption tweak based on a tweak, a length of tweak, and the length of plaintext; and a ciphertext output unit for outputting ciphertext having length identical to that of plaintext, based on plaintext, the length of the plaintext, the length of the secret key, the encryption/decryption keys, and the encryption/decryption tweak.

Abstract: A variable-length block cipher apparatus and method capable of format preserving encryption are provided. An encryption device for a variable-length block cipher apparatus includes an encryption key generation unit configured to generate encryption round keys eRK0, eRK1, . . . , eRKNr using a secret key and the number of rounds Nr, and a ciphertext output unit configured to output ciphertext having a length identical to that of plaintext using the plaintext and the encryption round keys. 7. A decryption device for a variable-length block cipher apparatus includes a decryption key generation unit configured to generate decryption round keys dRK0, dRK1, . . . , dRKNr using a secret key and a number of rounds Nr, and a plaintext restoration unit configured to restore ciphertext into plaintext having a length identical to that of the ciphertext using the ciphertext and the decryption round keys.

Abstract: Provided are a method of generating a Message Authentication Code (MAC) using a stream cipher, and authentication/encryption and authentication/decryption methods using a stream cipher. According to the methods, authentication/encryption is performed using a MAC generated using a stream cipher as an initialization vector of the stream cipher. Therefore, it is unnecessary to use a random number generation algorithm to generate the initialization vector, and thus implementation efficiency can be improved. In addition, upon generation of a MAC, a plurality of key stream generators perform computation for a plurality of message blocks, respectively. Therefore, the message blocks are computed in parallel at a time, and thus computation efficiency is excellent.

Abstract: Provided are a method of generating a Message Authentication Code (MAC) using a stream cipher, and authentication/encryption and authentication/decryption methods using a stream cipher. According to the methods, authentication/encryption is performed using a MAC generated using a stream cipher as an initialization vector of the stream cipher. Therefore, it is unnecessary to use a random number generation algorithm to generate the initialization vector, and thus implementation efficiency can be improved. In addition, upon generation of a MAC, a plurality of key stream generators perform computation for a plurality of message blocks, respectively. Therefore, the message blocks are computed in parallel at a time, and thus computation efficiency is excellent.