Abstract: A convolutional encoder for a trellis coded modulation (TCM) system includes a first adder first outputting a first output bit by a modulo-two sum of a present input bit and a twice-delayed input bit of an upper stage, a present input bit and a once-delayed input bit of a lower stage, among 3-bit output bits; a second adder for outputting a second output bit by a modulo-two sum of a once-delayed input bit and a twice-delayed input bit of the upper stage and a present input bit of the lower stage; and a third adder for outputting a third output bit by a modulo-two sum of a present input bit of the upper stage and a once-delayed input bit of the lower stage. A trellis-coded modulation system includes a coder for receiving and encoding data; a mapper for inputting the remaining uncoded bit and the bit coded by the coder and converting them into a predetermined bit; a modulator for modulating the bit signal output from the mapper; and a controller for controlling the coder and mapper.

Abstract: A vacuum cleaner includes a suction generator, a dust collector, a hose extending from the dust collector, and a suction head disposed at a free end of the hose. The suction head includes an air inlet and an air outlet, and noise dampening material disposed inside the suction head above the inlet and on opposite sides of the outlet.

Abstract: A thermo mechanical treatment method for providing super-plasticity to Al--Li alloy being a kind of light and high strength alloys. The thermo mechanical treatment method according the invention comprises steps of, homogenizing Al--Li alloy consisting of Al--Cu--Li--Mg--Zr at a temperature of 500.degree.-500.degree. C. for 10-30 hours, and controlled rolling the alloy at a temperature of 300.degree.-500.degree. C., a rolling speed of 2-20 m/min and a draft percentage per pass of 2-18%. The thermo mechanical treatment of the invention has a wide industrially applicable range and thus an excellent operation efficiency. The thermo mechanical treatment exhibits excellent super-plasticity at a higher strain speed as compared with known treatments.

Abstract: A storage electrode of a capacitor of a semiconductor memory device and a method for manufacturing the same are disclosed. A first electrode of the capacitor comprises a main electrode having a plurality of microtrenches and micropillars formed therein, an outer wall surrounding the microtrenches and micropillars, a granular silicon layer formed on an outer sidewall of the outer wall, and a column electrode supporting the main electrode and electrically connecting the main electrode to a source region of a transistor of the semiconductor device. The first electrode preferably has a horizontally fin-structured auxiliary electrode formed underneath the main electrode and electrically connected to the column electrode of the first electrode. The capacitor may be formed by using an etching end-point detection layer and an HSG polysilicon layer. The effective surface area of the storage electrode of a capacitor is increased to thereby obtain adequate cell capacitance.

Abstract: A portable gas range with a folding tripod. The portable gas range includes a bracket mounted on the gas range housing and rotatably supporting the inner ends of the pair of rotatable tripod members hinged to opposed sides of the bracket by hinge pins. This bracket has a pair of arcuate guide slits centering about the hinge pins. The guide pins are fixedly mounted on the inner ends of the rotatable tripod members and received in the arcuate guide slits. The moving plate is placed on the bracket such that it is linearly moved on the bracket. This moving plate mounts the rear tripod member on its rear end and is provided with a pair of longitudinal openings for receiving the guide pins penetrating the arcuate guide slits. The tripod folding lever has a push handle at an end thereof projecting out of the range housing. The other end of the tripod folding lever is connected to the moving plate, thus to linearly move the moving plate when the push handle is pushed.

Abstract: A manufacturing method for a semiconductor memory device including a capacitor having a double fin-shaped structure is provided, wherein a storage electrode is formed by applying a thick planar material capable of being wet-etched between the double fins consisting of conductive layers. The storage electrode is formed by forming a thin, high temperature oxide film having an etching rate which is great. Thus, the resulting memory cell's topography is improved and damage to the storage electrode is decreased.

Abstract: A square computation circuit outputs data of 4-bits to 12-bits by inputting the input data of 2-bits to 6-bits, respectively. The relationships between inputs and outputs are obtained and then simplified, which simplifies circuit configuration and increases processing speed, over the case of the square computation performed using a conventional multiplier.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a VLSI semiconductor memory device, in which a cell transistor is formed in the cell array section of a semiconductor substrate, successively, a cell capacitor. Then, a transistor is formed in the periphery circuit section of the substrate. Therefore, access transistors of the cell array section are formed independently from transistors of the peripheral circuit section, optimizing transistor performance.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing ULSI semiconductor memory devices is disclosed which uses an insulating film to form a side wall spacer of the gate electrodes of transistors formed in the peripheral circuit section of a memory device. This scheme prevents surface deterioration of the underlying structure during an etching process for manufacturing of a cell capacitor of a memory cell device cell array portion. The insulating film includes a laminated film composed of a thin oxide film and an etch blocking film formed on the oxide film. Due to the etch blocking film, the oxide film can be made thin, resulting in the formation of side wall spacers that are appropriately narrow. Thus, the function and operating speed of the peripheral circuit transistors is improved.

Abstract: A document image signal processor of gray level for use in a facsimile. The document image signal processor establishes a local window and a broad window from document image signals scanned by a CCD image sensor. An average level and a level difference between a maximum and a minimum level of the image signals are extracted from the local window. A maximum threshold of the background of the document image is extracted from the broad window. Thus, the image signals can be binarized with an adaptive threshold. Accordingly, the inventive image signal processor provides improved image, although the document image is collected (scanned) from a material whose brightness distribution is considerably ununiform.

Abstract: A noise reduction apparatus is disclosed which comprises a horizontal motion compensator, a subtractor, a memory, NOR and OR gates, a current frame value altering unit, an adder, and delaying units, thereby greatly enhancing background picture quality of a picture and preventing after-image of a motion picture.

Abstract: Nitrobenzoyl-3-cyclopropylaminoacrylates are prepared by two stage reaction: a) The first stage is the synthesis of nitrobenzoyl-3-alkoxyacrylates from nitrobenzoylester compound and alkylorthoformate in organic acid solvent. b) The second stage is the synthesis of nitrobenzoyl-3-cyclo propylamino acrylate from nitrobenzoyl-3-alkoxyacrylates and cyclopropylamine.

Abstract: Nitrobenzoyl-3-cyclopropylaminoacrylates are prepared by two stage reaction: (a) The first stage is the synthesis of nitrobenzoyl-3-alkoxyacrylates from nitrobenzoylester compound and alkylorthoformate in organic acid solvent. (b) The second stage is the synthesis of nitrobenzoyl-3-cyclo propylamino acrylate from nitrobenzoyl-3-alkoxyacrylates and cyclopropylamine.

Abstract: A quick release coupler is disclosed herein for selectively joining the end of a wrench extension shaft and a socket which includes a resiliently mounted push button actuator carried on the shaft operably engageable by high and low points to hold or move a drive train between a lock and a release position with respect to a detent in the cavity of the socket. The drive train moves in a linear mode which is translated into a lateral movement so as to move in and out of locking relationship with the detent of the socket.

Abstract: A length adjustable, trunk stowable protective car cover device is formed from an elongated sheet of flexible weatherproof material having a front end portion releasably connectable to the front end of an automobile, a longitudinally intermediate portion adapted to overlie and shield essentially the entire upper side surface of the automobile, and a rear end portion adapted to extend into the trunk between the rear trunk lid edge and the opposing trunk wall portion which it closes against. Closure of the trunk thus clamps a back end of the cover sheet in place to firmly anchor the cover sheet in place in its operative position. An elongated longitudinal slot in the rear end portion of the cover sheet permits the hook portion of the trunk latch to extend through the cover sheet to permit unimpeded locking and unlocking of the trunk.

Abstract: This invention pertains to a new process for preparing an ethambutol-sulfonic acid derivative which is widely used as an antituberculosis agent. In the known process, there are many defects which include: side reactions, impurities, low yield, high cost production inefficiency and pollution hazard.For the purpose of preparing an ethambutol-sulfonic acid derivative of a higher purity and higher yield than the known process, ethambutol or its hydrogen chloride salt is reacted with chloromethane sulfonic acid or its sodium salt in the lower alcoholic solvent such as methanol, ethanol, propanol, or isopropanol, at a temperature between room temperature and boiling point of the solvent, for about an hour, to produce ethambutol-chloromethane-sulfonate which is then reacted with isoniazid to produce the ethambutol-sulfonic acid derivative of the present invention.

Abstract: Diethylcarbonate is chlorinated with dry chlorine gas in the presence of ultraviolet rays to give ethyl .alpha.-chloroethyl carbonate in a good yield. The chlorination is preferably carried out, with or without a carbon tetrachloride solvent as a reaction medium, at a range of temperature of 45.degree. to 55.degree. C.