Abstract: Provided is an image processing apparatus. The image processing apparatus may synthesize an image observed at a target view excluding a reference view. A decoder of the image processing apparatus may decode depth transition data. A first map generator of the image processing apparatus may generate a foreground and background map of a target view to render an image, based on the decoded depth transition data. A rendering unit of the image processing apparatus may determine a color value of each of pixels constituting the image by comparing the foreground and background map of the target view with a foreground and background map of at least one reference view.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for encoding and decoding an image are provided. The image decoding method includes (a) decoding luma blocks according to a predetermined decoding mode of each of the luma blocks, and (b) decoding chroma blocks according to the predetermined decoding mode of each of the luma blocks.

Abstract: An encoding and/or decoding system, medium, and method with spatial prediction and spatial prediction compensation. The system may include a spatial prediction unit that spatially predicts pixel values of a current block of an image using neighboring blocks in a row immediately above the current block among neighboring blocks that are spatially adjacent to the current block. The spatial prediction unit performs spatial prediction using replaced pixel values of neighboring blocks in a row immediately above the current block every predetermined row unit, with the pixel values of neighboring blocks in a row immediately above the current block every predetermined row unit being replaced with a predetermined reference value.

Abstract: Disclosed is an acoustic signal detector for detecting a target with moving in water. The acoustic signal detector may include a body having a front portion, the front portion having a cross section which becomes gradually narrow and an end formed to have a plane. The plane may be perpendicular to a moving direction of the acoustic signal detector. The acoustic signal detector may further include a plurality of sensor arrays configured to generate sound and detect sound returned by being reflected by a target. The plurality of sensor arrays may be mounted on a side surface of the front portion and on the plane.

Abstract: A method, medium, and system encoding and/or decoding a moving picture. The moving picture encoding method may include selecting a prediction mode that is optimal for the macro blocks, which correspond to each other, of the color components of a current image based on the characteristics of a predetermined image, generating a predicted image for the current image according to the selected prediction mode, and encoding a moving picture using the predicted image. An optimal prediction mode can be adaptively applied to the macro blocks, which correspond to each other, of the color components, thereby increasing the moving picture's encoding and decoding efficiencies.

Abstract: Various implementations relate to depth map coding. In one method, a depth coding rate and depth distortion are determined for a coding mode. Based on the value of depth distortion, a correlation coefficient is determined between at least a portion of a video picture and a translated version of the video picture. The video picture is one or more of a video picture corresponding to the depth being coded, or a rendered video picture for a different view. A video distortion is determined based on the correlation coefficient, and is used to evaluate the coding mode. Another implementation determines a multiplier, to be used in a rate-distortion cost, based on pixel values from one or more of a video picture from a particular view or a rendered video picture for a different view.

Abstract: A method performs inverse tone mapping of an image in a decoder. For each block of each color channel of the image the following steps are performed. A scaling factor is determined for a current block of the image by adding a predicted scaling factor for the current block to a difference between the predicted scaling factor and the scaling factor of an adjacent block. An offset value for the current block is determined by adding a predicted offset for the current block to a difference between the predicted offset value and the offset value of the adjacent block. The scaling factor and the offset value are applied to pixel intensity values of the current block to produce a mapped block in which a bit-depth of the mapped block is greater than the bit-depth of the current block.

Abstract: Several implementations relate to depth map coding. In one implementation, a depth coding rate, that results from coding one or more portions of a depth map using a particular coding mode, is determined. The depth map can be used to render video for a different view than that of the depth map. A depth map distortion, that results from coding the one or more portions of the depth map using the particular coding mode, is determined. A value of distortion for the rendered video, based on the depth map distortion and on a particular relationship between the depth map distortion and values of distortion for the rendered video, is determined. It is determined whether to use the particular coding mode to code the one or more portions of the depth map, and the determination is based on the value of distortion for the rendered video and the depth coding rate.

Abstract: Several implementations relate to depth map coding. In one implementation, it is determined that differences between collocated video blocks are small enough to be interchanged. Based on that determination, a depth block corresponding to a first of the video blocks is coded using an indicator that instructs a decoder to use a collocated depth block, corresponding to a second of the video blocks, in place of the depth block. In another implementation, a video signal includes a coding of at least a single indicator that instructs a decoder to decode both a depth block and a corresponding video block using collocated blocks, from other pictures, in place of the depth block and the corresponding video block. In another implementation, the depth block and the corresponding video block are decoded, based on the single indicator, using the collocated blocks in place of the depth block and the corresponding video block.

Abstract: An image coding method and apparatus considering human visual characteristics are provided. The image coding method comprises (a) modeling image quality distribution of an input image in units of scenes such that the quality of an image input in units of scenes is gradually lowered from a region of interest to a background region, (b) determining a quantization parameter of each region constituting one scene according to the result of modeling of image quality distribution, (c) quantizing image data in accordance with the quantization parameter, and (d) coding entropy of the quantized image data.

Abstract: A color image residue transform and/or inverse transform method and apparatus, and a color image encoding and/or decoding method and apparatus using the same are provided. The residue transform method includes: obtaining a residue corresponding to the difference of an original image and a predicted image; and transforming the residue by using a relation between residues of color image components. The residue inverse transform method includes: generating a residue for each component by performing residue inverse transform of the residue transformed original image; and restoring the original image by adding a predicted image to the residue of each component. Also, the color image lossless encoding method using the residue transform includes: obtaining a residue corresponding to the difference of an original image and a predicted image; and performing encoding by transforming the residue by using the relation between residues of predetermined components.

Abstract: An image coding method and apparatus considering human visual characteristics are provided. The image coding method comprises (a) modeling image quality distribution of an input image in units of scenes such that the quality of an image input in units of scenes is gradually lowered from a region of interest to a background region, (b) determining a quantization parameter of each region constituting one scene according to the result of modeling of image quality distribution, (c) quantizing image data in accordance with the quantization parameter, and (d) coding entropy of the quantized image data.

Abstract: An image encoding and decoding apparatus and method, the image encoding and decoding apparatus includes: an encoding unit adjusting at least one weight value adaptively to the number of bits expressing each pixel of a current image, predicting a pixel value of a block of interest by performing an operation on a pixel value of at least one block having a pixel value similar to the pixel value of the block of interest among blocks included in a previous image and the at least one adjusted weight value, and encoding the pixel value of the block of interest using the predicted pixel value of the block of interest; and a decoding unit adjusting the at least one weight value adaptively to the number of bits, restoring the predicted pixel value of the block of interest by performing an operation on the pixel value of the at least one block having the pixel value similar to the pixel value of the block of interest among blocks included in the restored previous image and the at least one adjusted weight value, and dec

Abstract: An image encoding and decoding apparatus and method, the image encoding and decoding apparatus includes: an encoding unit adjusting at least one weight value adaptively to the number of bits expressing each pixel of a current image, predicting a pixel value of a block of interest by performing an operation on a pixel value of at least one block having a pixel value similar to the pixel value of the block of interest among blocks included in a previous image and the at least one adjusted weight value, and encoding the pixel value of the block of interest using the predicted pixel value of the block of interest; and a decoding unit adjusting the at least one weight value adaptively to the number of bits, restoring the predicted pixel value of the block of interest by performing an operation on the pixel value of the at least one block having the pixel value similar to the pixel value of the block of interest among blocks included in the restored previous image and the at least one adjusted weight value, and dec

Abstract: An image encoding/decoding system, medium, and method. The image encoding system includes a residue production unit arranged to produce first residues corresponding to differences between color components of a current image and color components of a predicted image, a unit arranged to perform spatial transform and quantization with respect to the first residue of a first color component and perform de-quantization and inverse spatial transform with respect to the quantized first residue of the first color component so as to reconstruct the first residue of the first color component, a residue prediction unit arranged to predict second residues with respect to the first residues of the other color components by using the reconstructed first residue of the first color component, and an encoding unit arranged to encode the first residue of the first color component and the second residues of the other color components.

Abstract: Provided are an image encoding/decoding system and method using a graph-based pixel prediction, and a depth map encoding system and method. The encoding system may generate an edge map based on a pixel value difference between neighboring pixels in an inputted image, generate a graph by connecting pixels using the generated edge map, select a prediction value for at least one pixel based on the generated graph, and encode an image based on the selected prediction value.

Abstract: A color image residue transform and/or inverse transform method and apparatus, and a color image encoding and/or decoding method and apparatus using the same are provided. The residue transform method includes: obtaining a residue corresponding to the difference of an original image and a predicted image; and transforming the residue by using a relation between residues of color image components. The residue inverse transform method includes: generating a residue for each component by performing residue inverse transform of the residue transformed original image; and restoring the original image by adding a predicted image to the residue of each component. Also, the color image lossless encoding method using the residue transform includes: obtaining a residue corresponding to the difference of an original image and a predicted image; and performing encoding by transforming the residue by using the relation between residues of predetermined components.

Abstract: An image coding method and apparatus considering human visual characteristics are provided. The image coding method comprises (a) modeling image quality distribution of an input image in units of scenes such that the quality of an image input in units of scenes is gradually lowered from a region of interest to a background region, (b) determining a quantization parameter of each region constituting one scene according to the result of modeling of image quality distribution, (c) quantizing image data in accordance with the quantization parameter, and (d) coding entropy of the quantized image data.

Abstract: A color transformation method of transforming a first color component set representing a first color space to a second color component set representing a second color space is provided. The method comprising: reading the first color component set; transforming the read first color component set to the second color component set using a predetermined transformation function; and storing the second color component set to correspond to the first color component set, wherein the transformation function is defined by: defining a first transformation matrix used for acquiring dominant components of the first color component set and multiplying each of the elements of the determined first transformation matrix by a predetermined integer k. The method further comprises inverse-transforming the second color component set to the first color component set.

Abstract: A residue image down- and/or up-sampling method and apparatus and an image encoding and/or decoding method and apparatus using the residue image down- and/or up-sampling method and apparatus are provided. The residue image downsampling method includes: generating a residue corresponding to the difference between an original image and a predicted image, for each image component of the original image formed with at least two or more image components; and downsampling the residue for each image component at a predetermined ratio. The residue image upsampling method includes: upsampling data downsampled from residue data of an original image; and restoring the original image by adding the predicted image to the upsampled residue of each component. According to the methods and apparatuses, a residue image is obtained by performing spatiotemporal prediction encoding first, and by sampling this residue image, loss of information occurring in the sampling process can be reduced.