Abstract: Disclosed are an arc path forming part and a direct current relay including the same. An arc path forming part according to an embodiment of the present disclosure comprises a plurality of magnet parts. Each magnet part is located on one side and the other side of the arc path forming part, respectively, to form a magnetic field inside an arc chamber. The arc generated inside the arc chamber is extended in a direction away from the center of the arc chamber by receiving electromagnetic force from the magnetic field. Thus, damage to each component located at the center can be prevented.

Abstract: The present invention provides a battery system including one or more secondary batteries each including a negative electrode including a silicon-based active material, a positive electrode facing the negative electrode, a separator interposed between the negative electrode and the positive electrode, and an electrolyte and a control unit configured to set a driving voltage range for charging and discharging of the secondary batteries, wherein a maximum driving voltage of the secondary battery set by the control unit is in a range of 4.00 V to 4.08 V, and a minimum driving voltage of the secondary battery set by the control unit is in a range of 2.98 V to 3.07 V.

Abstract: An apparatus for controlling output in a water treatment plant treating water includes: a chemical dosing management part configured to analyze real-time data to determine a control mode of chemical dosing optimization, and provide the determined control mode as a management command; a chemical dosing optimization part configured to analyze the real-time data to derive a control value such that the control value is to set a minimum of a chemical dosage to be dose in the water while a state of treated water of the water treatment plant is maintained in a normal range; and a chemical dosing output control part configured to provide the control value to a water treatment control device for controlling the water treatment plant, according to the control mode of the management command.

Abstract: A circuit board according to an embodiment comprises a build-up structure including a plurality of insulating layers stacked along a vertical direction; a protective layer disposed on the build-up structure; and a plurality of insulating members disposed on the protective layer and spaced apart from each other.

Abstract: An environment monitoring device includes a first case, a second case coupled to the first case, and a smart phone provided fixed in an inner space between the first case and the second case, wherein the smart phone is configured to measure a fine dust concentration around the environment monitoring device based on an image photographed with a camera, and display information on the measured fine dust concentration via a screen of the smart phone.

Abstract: A circuit board according to an embodiment includes a first insulating layer including an upper and lower surface; and a first circuit pattern embedded at the upper surface of the first insulating layer, wherein the upper surface of the first insulating layer includes a portion that does not overlap the first circuit pattern in a vertical direction, and the portion of the upper surface of the first insulating layer has a step.

Abstract: Disclosed are an arc path generation unit and a direct current relay including the same. An arc path generation unit according to various exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure comprises a Halbach array and a magnet part which form a magnetic field in a space part formed in the arc path generation unit. The magnetic field formed by the Halbach array and the magnet part forms an electromagnetic force, together with the current applied to each of fixed contacts. The electromagnetic force formed near each fixed contact is formed in a direction going away from the center of the space part, or in a direction going away from each fixed contact. Therefore, generated arcs can be rapidly suppressed and discharged through induction by the electromagnetic force.

Abstract: A pressure vessel assembly includes a pressure vessel including a cylinder, a first side dome provided at one end of the cylinder, and a second side dome provided at the other end of the cylinder, a first protector that surrounds an outer surface of the first side dome, a second protector that surrounds an outer surface of the second side dome, and a connector that connects the first protector and the second protector such that the pressure vessel is interposed between the first protector and the second protector. The pressure vessel assembly can help to prevent damage and breakage of the pressure vessel caused by external impact and improve safety and reliability of the pressure vessel.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a negative electrode including a negative electrode current collector and a negative electrode active material layer formed on the negative electrode current collector, wherein the negative electrode active material layer includes a silicon-based active material and a negative electrode binder, wherein the negative electrode binder includes an aqueous binder and a rubber-based binder in a weight ratio of 82:18 to 88:12, and the aqueous binder includes at least one selected from the group consisting of polyvinyl alcohol, polyacrylic acid, polyethylene glycol, polyacrylonitrile, and polyacryl amide.

Abstract: A foundation pile 1 is disclosed. The foundation pile 1 includes a central axis member 10 that extends vertically in the up-down direction; a base plate 11 formed on the upper end of the central axis member 10 to fix the upper structure 2 at the upper end; and a circumferential member 20 provided on the upper side circumference of the central axis member 10 to reinforce the upper side circumference of the central axis member 10, wherein the upper surface of the circumferential member 20 is formed so as to come into contact with the lower surface of the base plate 11 without any gap.

Abstract: An arc path formation unit and a direct current relay comprising same are disclosed. An arc path formation unit according to an embodiment of the present disclosure comprises a plurality of magnet parts. The plurality of magnet parts can form a magnetic field in a space inside an arc chamber to form an electromagnetic force for moving generated arc. The magnetic field formed by each magnet part forms an electromagnetic force toward the outside of the arc chamber. Electromagnetic forces formed adjacently to fixed contacts are formed in opposite directions. Therefore, the generated arc can be quickly moved to the outside and extinguished without damage to each constituent element of a direct current relay caused by the generated arc.

Abstract: Methods for manufacturing a composite material and composite materials are provided. The method may include preparing a metal foam, preparing a mixture including the metal foam and a curable polymer, curing the curable polymer of the mixture to obtain a composite material, and performing a planarization treatment. The planarization treatment may be performed on the metal foam before preparing the mixture, on the mixture before curing the curable polymer, and/or on the composite material. The composite materials may include a metal foam and a polymer that is on a surface and/or in pores of the metal foam. The composite material may have a surface roughness of 2 ?m or less and/or may have a thermal resistance of 0.5 Kin2/W or less at 20 psi.

Abstract: This application relates to a device and a method for calculating a fault ratio. The method may include by using image frames collected from a camera of a first vehicle, generating a driving route in which the first vehicle travels, and acquiring fault information of a traffic accident involving a second vehicle, the traffic accident being related to the driving route of the first vehicle. The method may also include changing factors related to braking or steering of the first vehicle and the second vehicle, and generating multiple simulation driving scenarios by simulating the driving route on the basis of the changed factors. The method may further include computing a fault ratio of the first vehicle and the second vehicle for each of the multiple simulation driving scenarios by correcting the fault information on the basis of the factors.

Abstract: A negative electrode for a lithium secondary battery having excellent dispersibility, adhesion and tensile strength, and a lithium secondary battery including the same. The negative electrode for a lithium secondary battery includes negative electrode active material particles, a conductive material and a binder. The binder includes a copolymer comprising acrylamide monomer-derived repeating units, acrylic acid monomer-derived repeating units, sodium acrylate monomer-derived repeating units and acrylonitrile monomer-derived repeating units. The combined weight of the acrylic acid monomer-derived repeating units and sodium acrylate monomer-derived repeating units in the copolymer is 25 wt % to 35 wt %. The negative electrode active material particles are silicon-based negative electrode active material particles.

Abstract: A pressure vessel assembly includes a pressure vessel including a cylinder, a first side dome provided at one end of the cylinder, and a second side dome provided at the other end of the cylinder, a first protector that surrounds an outer surface of the first side dome, a second protector that surrounds an outer surface of the second side dome, and a connector that connects the first protector and the second protector such that the pressure vessel is interposed between the first protector and the second protector. The pressure vessel assembly can help to prevent damage and breakage of the pressure vessel caused by external impact and improve safety and reliability of the pressure vessel.

Abstract: An arc path-forming part and a DC relay comprising same are disclosed. The arc path-forming part according to various embodiments of the present disclosure comprises a Halbach array and a magnet part that form a magnetic field in a space formed therein. The magnetic field formed by the Halbach array is stronger in the direction toward the space. The magnetic field formed by the Halbach array and the magnet part forms an electromagnetic force together with the current applied to each fixed contactor. Here, the electromagnetic force formed in the vicinity of each fixed contactor is formed in a direction away from the center of the space or in a direction away from each fixed contactor. Accordingly, a generated arc can be quickly extinguished and discharged by being induced by the electromagnetic force.

Abstract: Methods for manufacturing a composite material and composite materials are provided. The method may include preparing a metal foam, preparing a mixture including the metal foam and a curable polymer, curing the curable polymer of the mixture to obtain a composite material, and performing a planarization treatment. The planarization treatment may be performed on the metal foam before preparing the mixture, on the mixture before curing the curable polymer, and/or on the composite material. The composite materials may include a metal foam and a polymer that is on a surface and/or in pores of the metal foam. The composite material may have a surface roughness of 2 ?m or less and/or may have a thermal resistance of 0.5 Kin2/W or less at 20 psi.

Abstract: A positive electrode and a secondary battery including the same are provided. The positive electrode includes a current collector and a positive electrode active material layer disposed on the current collector, wherein the positive active material layer includes a positive electrode active material, a binder, and a multi-walled carbon nanotube, wherein the multi-walled carbon nanotube has an average length of 1-2 ?m and has a length standard deviation of 0.5 ?m or less.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a negative electrode including a current collector and a negative electrode active material layer disposed on the current collector, wherein the negative electrode active material layer includes a negative electrode active material, a conductive agent, and a binder, wherein the negative electrode active material includes silicon particles having an average particle diameter (D50) of 4 ?m to 10 ?m, the conductive agent includes carbon nanotubes and a graphite-type conductive agent, and the binder includes a copolymer containing a polyvinyl alcohol-derived unit and an ionized substituted acrylate-derived unit.

Abstract: A negative electrode active material that includes an active material core that allows for the intercalation and deintercalation of lithium ions. The negative electrode active material also includes a plurality of conductive materials positioned on a surface of the active material core, a plurality of organic linkers each including a hydrophobic group and a polar functional group bonded to the hydrophobic group, and an elastic unit. The elastic unit includes an elastic moiety having two or more binding sites, and a functional group bonded to a binding site of the elastic moiety. The functional group reacts with the polar functional group of the organic linker, and one or more of the plurality of organic linkers are connected to the conductive materials through the hydrophobic groups of the organic linkers.