Abstract: Methods and systems, including computer programs encoded on a computer storage medium can be used for identifying primary-wave (P-wave) and secondary-wave (S-wave) characteristics of an underground formation by separating P-wave and S-wave modes of seismic data generated by applying a seismic source to a subterranean region of a geological area. Particle motion vectors of a P-wave are parallel to a propagation vector of the P-wave, whereas particle motion vectors of an S-wave are perpendicular to a propagation vector of the S-wave. The parallel and perpendicular relationship between the motion and propagation vectors of the respective P- and S-waves provide a basis for separating P- and S-wave components from a wavefield. The separation methodology extracts P-wave components and S-wave components from the wavefield based on an estimated angle between propagation vectors and wave motion vectors for the wavefield.

Abstract: A computer system receives a post-stack time-domain image having a first spectrum and representing one or more subsurface structures. The computer system reconstructs an increased-frequency version of the post-stack time-domain image using L0-constrained inversion and a least-squares mismatch ratio. The increased-frequency version of the post-stack time-domain image includes structural artifacts. The computer system removes the structural artifacts from the increased-frequency version of the post-stack time-domain image using singular value decomposition. The computer system combines the increased-frequency version of the post-stack time-domain image with the post-stack time-domain image using a weighting function. The computer system generates a combined version of the increased-frequency version of the post-stack time-domain image and the post-stack time-domain image. The combined version represents the one or more subsurface structures and has a second spectrum broader than the first spectrum.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and computer-readable medium to perform operations for suppressing seafloor geophone seismic data noise. A computing system applies a vertical geophone de-noise process to enhance a compressional wave signal that is free from (independent of) shear energy leakage. This enhances the signal to noise (S/N) ratio of the vertical geophone component and concurrently make the vertical geophone component consistent with a hydrophone component.

Abstract: A computer system receives a post-stack time-domain image having a first spectrum and representing one or more subsurface structures. The computer system reconstructs an increased-frequency version of the post-stack time-domain image using L0-constrained inversion and a least-squares mismatch ratio. The increased-frequency version of the post-stack time-domain image includes structural artifacts. The computer system removes the structural artifacts from the increased-frequency version of the post-stack time-domain image using singular value decomposition. The computer system combines the increased-frequency version of the post-stack time-domain image with the post-stack time-domain image using a weighting function. The computer system generates a combined version of the increased-frequency version of the post-stack time-domain image and the post-stack time-domain image. The combined version represents the one or more subsurface structures and has a second spectrum broader than the first spectrum.

Abstract: The present disclosure describes methods and systems, including computer-implemented methods, computer program products, and computer systems, for generating geophysical images.

Abstract: Methods and systems, including computer programs encoded on a computer storage medium can be used for identifying primary-wave (P-wave) and secondary-wave (S-wave) characteristics of an underground formation by separating P-wave and S-wave modes of seismic data generated by applying a seismic source to a subterranean region of a geological area. Particle motion vectors of a P-wave are parallel to a propagation vector of the P-wave, whereas particle motion vectors of an S-wave are perpendicular to a propagation vector of the S-wave. The parallel and perpendicular relationship between the motion and propagation vectors of the respective P- and S-waves provide a basis for separating P- and S-wave components from a wavefield. The separation methodology extracts P-wave components and S-wave components from the wavefield based on an estimated angle between propagation vectors and wave motion vectors for the wavefield.

Abstract: The present disclosure describes methods and systems, including computer-implemented methods, computer program products, and computer systems, for generating a reflectivity model for a subsurface area.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and computer-readable medium to perform operations for suppressing seafloor geophone seismic data noise. A computing system applies a vertical geophone de-noise process to enhance a compressional wave signal that is free from (independent of) shear energy leakage.

Abstract: The present disclosure describes methods and systems, including computer-implemented methods, computer program products, and computer systems, for generating a reflectivity model for a subsurface area.

Abstract: The present disclosure describes methods and systems, including computer-implemented methods, computer program products, and computer systems for applying orthogonalization filtering to wavefield separation. One computer-implemented method includes obtaining multi-component wavefields, performing wavefield separation on the multi-component wavefields to obtain separated wavefields, and applying a local orthogonalization weight (LOW) filtering to the separated wavefields to obtain filtered wavefields.

Abstract: The present disclosure describes methods and systems, including computer-implemented methods, computer program products, and computer systems, for generating geophysical images.