Abstract: Subject soils are classified using a sensing tool. By profiling each of a number of first locations that have a ground truth classification, using a deployed sensing tool, digital soil properties of new locations without ground truth classifications can obtained to determine corresponding classifications for the new locations. This allows information related classifications to be utilized for optimal used of the new locations.

Abstract: Subject soils are classified using a sensing tool. By profiling each of a number of first locations that have a ground truth classification, using a deployed sensing tool, digital soil properties of new locations without ground truth classifications can be obtained to determine corresponding classifications for the new locations. This allows information related to classifications to be utilized for optimal use of the new locations.

Abstract: An in situ near infrared sensing unit includes a housing allowing the sensing unit to be inserted in a variety of media. A transparent window is formed in the sidewall of the housing. A sensing element is mounted inside the housing. The sensing element is configured to emit near infrared light provided from a light source external to the housing, and the sensing element is configured to collect near infrared light transmitted through the transparent window. A mirror is mounted in the housing at an angle with respect to the transparent window and opposite the sensing element. The angle allows the mirror to reflect the near infrared light, emitted by the sensing element, through the transparent window.

Abstract: Subject soils are classified using a sensing tool. By profiling each of a number of first locations that have a ground truth classification, using a deployed sensing tool, digital soil properties of new locations without ground truth classifications can obtained to determine corresponding classifications for the new locations. This allows information related classifications to be utilized for optimal used of the new locations.

Abstract: An in situ near infrared sensing unit includes a housing allowing the sensing unit to be inserted in a variety of media. A transparent window is formed in the sidewall of the housing. A sensing element is mounted inside the housing. The sensing element is configured to emit near infrared light provided from a light source external to the housing, and the sensing element is configured to collect near infrared light transmitted through the transparent window. A mirror is mounted in the housing at an angle with respect to the transparent window and opposite the sensing element. The angle allows the mirror to reflect the near infrared light, emitted by the sensing element, through the transparent window.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and apparatus, including computer programs encoded on computer storage media, for characterization of a physical site. One of the methods includes obtaining, for each of one or more physical locations corresponding to a respective coordinate at a surface of a growing medium at the locations, sensor data comprising a sensor profile generated from measurements taken by each of a plurality of sensors on a sensor unit passing through the respective coordinate at a plurality of different depth levels within the growing medium at the location; providing the sensor data as input to one or more probabilistic models configured to receive the sensor data comprising the respective sensor profiles to predict one or more characteristics of the growing medium at each of the physical locations; and obtaining, as output from the one or more probabilistic models, the one or more predicted characteristics for each physical location.