Abstract: An integrated circuit device includes a substrate and a first electrically insulating layer on the substrate. An electrically conductive contact plug is provided, which extends at least partially through the first electrically insulating layer. The contact plug includes a protrusion having a top surface that is spaced farther from the substrate relative to a top surface of a portion of the first electrically insulating layer extending adjacent the contact plug. An electrically conductive line is provided with a terminal end, which extends on a first portion of the protrusion. A second electrically insulating layer is provided, which extends on a second portion of the protrusion and on the first electrically insulating layer. The second electrically insulating layer has a sidewall, which extends opposite a sidewall of the terminal end of the electrically conductive line.

Abstract: An integrated circuit (IC) device includes a substrate, a pair of fin-type active regions protruding from the substrate to define a trench region on the substrate, the fin-type active regions extending in a first lateral direction, a pair of source/drain regions on the fin-type active regions, respectively, a device isolation film in the trench region, the device isolation film apart from the substrate in a vertical direction, an etch stop structure filling at least a portion of the trench region between the substrate and the device isolation film, a via power rail between the pair of fin-type active regions and between the pair of source/drain regions, the via power rail passing through at least a portion of the etch stop structure, and a backside power rail passing through the substrate, the backside power rail in contact with one end of the via power rail.

Abstract: Provided are a device and method for evaluating performance of a wearable muscle enhancement device.

Abstract: A hair dryer including a main body; a fan inside the main body to generate a flow of air; and a nozzle connected to the main body so that the air flows into the nozzle. The nozzle includes a nozzle body having an inner space, a nozzle partition wall inside the nozzle body dividing the inner space into first and second nozzle passages, a plurality of first nozzle holes formed in the nozzle body to communicate with the first nozzle passage, and a plurality of second nozzle holes formed in the nozzle body to communicate with the second nozzle passage. The nozzle is configured so that air flowing into the first nozzle passage is discharged through the first nozzle holes in a first direction, and air flowing into the second nozzle passage is discharged through the second nozzle holes in a second direction that is different from the first direction.

Abstract: A clothes treating apparatus includes: a cabinet; a tub; a drum; a base forming an air flow path including an air inlet and an air outlet; a heat exchanger; a supply duct forming a first supply flow and a second supply flow path; a discharge duct forming a first discharge flow path and a second discharge flow path; a first damper configured to be movable to a first position of opening the first supply flow path and closing the second supply flow path or a second position of closing the first supply flow path and opening the second supply flow path; and a second damper configured to be movable to a third position of opening the first discharge flow path and closing the second discharge flow path or a fourth position of closing the first discharge flow path and opening the second discharge flow path.

Abstract: A cutting apparatus includes: a stage on which is disposed a preliminary stacked body from which a cut stacked body having an edge is formed; a cutting unit movable along a first direction corresponding to an extension direction of the edge of the cut stacked body and with which the preliminary stacked body is cut to form the cut stacked body; a first detaching unit movable in a direction forming an acute angle with the first direction and including a first detaching tool which contacts the cut stacked body in detaching of the cut stacked body from the carrier substrate; and a second detaching unit movable in a direction parallel to the first direction and including a second detaching tool which is inserted between the cut stacked body and the carrier substrate in the detaching of the cut stacked body from the carrier substrate.

Abstract: An electronic device is disclosed, including: a housing including a nonconductive area, a first printed circuit board (PCB) including a cavity and a fill-cut area, overlapping the nonconductive area, a first antenna module including at least one antenna array disposed in the cavity of the first PCB, a support frame coupled to one surface of the first PCB, supporting the first antenna module, a grip sensing pad surrounding the cavity and overlapping the fill-cut area, and a sensing circuit unit electrically connected to the grip sensing pad, configured to control an output power of the first antenna module based on inputs received via the grip sensing pad.

Abstract: An electronic device includes a housing including a speaker hole, and a speaker module in the housing. The speaker module includes a speaker including a first surface outputting an audio signal, a second surface opposite to the first surface, and a third surface connecting the first surface and the second surface. The speaker module includes a first housing including a first portion including a first opening overlapping the first surface when viewed from above and a second portion disposed on the first portion, a second housing attached to the first housing and including a duct extending from the first opening to the speaker hole, a first space extending from the first opening through the duct to the speaker hole, and a second space in the first housing, being disconnected from the first space by the speaker. The second portion is configured to seal the second space.

Abstract: A negative electrode for a lithium metal battery, a lithium metal battery including the same, and a method of preparing the negative electrode are provided. The negative electrode includes a negative electrode current collector, and a protective layer disposed on the negative electrode current collector. The protective layer includes a first protective layer and a second protective layer disposed between the first protective layer and the negative electrode current collector. The first protective layer includes porous nanostructure particles, and the second protective layer includes polar inorganic particles.

Abstract: A federated learning system includes: a central server including a central learning model containing an extractor; and client devices each including a local learning model performing federated learning with the central learning model. The local learning model includes an extractor and a classifier, and the central server transmits state information of the extractor in the central learning model to a client device among the client devices, receives state information of the extractor in the local learning model from the client device, and updates the extractor in the central learning model using the received state information, and the client device uploads the state information to the extractor in the local learning model, trains the extractor and the classifier in the local learning model using individual training data, and transmits state information of the extractor trained in the local learning model to the central server.

Abstract: A system for optimizing resource allocation includes and/or interfaces with: a set of contextual data sources; a decision-making subsystem; and a set of schedules. Additionally or alternatively, the system can optionally include and/or interface with a set of user interfaces, memory, a set of data collection, and/or any other suitable components. A method for resource optimization includes: receiving a set of inputs; and processing the set of inputs and/or contextual data with a set of models to produce a set of schedules. Additionally or alternatively, the method can include any or all of: training the set of models; pre-processing the set of inputs to supplement the set of contextual data; dynamically adjusting the set of schedules; triggering a set of actions based on the set of schedules; updating the set of models; and/or any other processes.

Abstract: A system for optimizing resource allocation includes and/or interfaces with: a set of contextual data sources; a decision-making subsystem; and a set of schedules. Additionally or alternatively, the system can optionally include and/or interface with a set of user interfaces, memory, a set of data collection, and/or any other suitable components. A method for resource optimization includes: receiving a set of inputs; and processing the set of inputs and/or contextual data with a set of models to produce a set of schedules. Additionally or alternatively, the method can include any or all of: training the set of models; pre-processing the set of inputs to supplement the set of contextual data; dynamically adjusting the set of schedules; triggering a set of actions based on the set of schedules; updating the set of models; and/or any other processes.

Abstract: A semiconductor package includes a package substrate, a first semiconductor chip on the package substrate, a sealing layer on the package substrate and at least partially covering the first semiconductor chip and including an upper surface, a first side surface, and a first inclined surface extending between the upper surface and the first side surface, and a first marking pattern in or on the first inclined surface of the sealing layer.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a display device, and more particularly, a display device comprises: a plurality of light sources; a resin layer disposed to cover the plurality of light sources; and a display panel disposed on the resin layer and including a display area and a non-display area, wherein the resin layer comprises: a first region configured to overlap the display area; and a second region configured to overlap the non-display area, and wherein a plurality of fine holes are provided in at least a part of the second region. Therefore, the decomposed materials, which are produced by the decomposition of the backlight unit and the components around the backlight unit in a high-temperature, high-humidity environment, may be discharged through the fine holes.

Abstract: Disclosed is a semiconductor device including a substrate, conductive structures on the substrate and extending in parallel to each other in a first direction, and a first interlayer dielectric layer in first and second trenches between the conductive structures. A width in a second direction of the first trench may be less than a width in the second direction of the second trench. The first interlayer dielectric layer may include a lower interlayer dielectric layer and an upper interlayer dielectric layer on the lower interlayer dielectric layer, sequentially stacked. A mechanical strength of the upper interlayer dielectric layer may be greater than a mechanical strength of the lower interlayer dielectric layer.

Abstract: A method for producing a silicon ingot by the horizontal magnetic field Czochralski method includes rotating a crucible containing a silicon melt, applying a horizontal magnetic field to the crucible, contacting the silicon melt with a seed crystal, and withdrawing the seed crystal from the silicon melt while rotating the crucible to form a silicon ingot. The crucible has a wettable surface with a cristobalite layer formed thereon.

Abstract: A semiconductor device includes a substrate including an active pattern, a first interlayer dielectric layer on the substrate, the first interlayer dielectric layer including a recess on an upper portion thereof, and a lower connection line in the first interlayer dielectric layer, the lower connection line being electrically connected to the active pattern, and the lower connection line including a conductive pattern, the recess of the first interlayer dielectric layer selectively exposing a top surface of the conductive pattern, and a barrier pattern between the conductive pattern and the first interlayer dielectric layer, the first interlayer dielectric layer covering a top surface of the barrier pattern.

Abstract: A substrate processing apparatus includes a chamber having an internal space configured to process a substrate loaded therein; a light source configured to emit light on the substrate to harden a photoresist pattern coated on the substrate; and a transparent division part provided between the substrate and the light source, wherein the transparent division part divides the chamber into a first space, in which the light source is provided, and a second space, in which the substrate is provided.

Abstract: Disclosed is an access point, which is a registrant desiring to register with a multiple access point network. A wireless communication terminal comprises: a transmitting and receiving unit for transmitting and receiving a wireless signal; and a processor for processing the wireless signal. The processor receives a first device provisioning protocol (DPP) message from a controller of the multiple access point network when the access point is onboarding to the multiple access point network by using a DPP, obtains, from the first DPP message, information on a channel on which the DPP is performed, and transmits a second DPP message to the controller in the channel indicated by the information on the channel.

Abstract: Provided is a wireless communication terminal that communicates wirelessly. The terminal includes: a transceiver; and a processor. The terminal includes a transceiver, and a processor. The processor is configured to receive an Aggregate-MAC Protocol Data Unit (A-MPDU) from an originator using the transceiver, and when receiving all MPDUs included in the A-MPDU, transmit to the originator a block ACK (BA) frame signaling that all MPDUs included in the A-MPDU are received without a bitmap indicating whether each MPDU included in the A-MPDU is received.