Abstract: Proposed is a federated learning system. The federated learning system comprises: a central server configured to transmit at least one global parameter of a global model to each client device, receive at least one local parameter of a local model trained from each of client devices, and update the global model using the at least one local parameter; and a plurality of client devices configured to train the local model by applying a loss between a predicted value of the global model and a predicted value of the local model possessed by itself to a loss function, and transmit at least one local parameter of the trained local model to the central server.

Abstract: Proposed is a federated learning system. The federated learning system may comprise: a central server configured to transmit a first parameter of an extractor in a federated learning model including the extractor and a classifier to each of a plurality of client devices, and receive a plurality of first parameters learned from the plurality of client devices to update the federated learning model; and the plurality of client devices configured to train each of the plurality of the first parameters of the federated learning model using a training data set stored in each of the plurality of client devices while maintaining a value of a second parameter value of the classifier in the federated learning model, and to transmit each of the plurality of the trained first parameters to the central server.

Abstract: The inventive concept provides a substrate treating apparatus. The substrate treating apparatus includes a chamber providing a treating space; and a fluid supply unit supplying a treating fluid to the chamber, and wherein the fluid supply unit includes: a supply tank storing the treating fluid; a supply line connecting the supply tank and the chamber; and a plurality of valves installed at the supply line, and wherein any one valve among the plurality of valves is provided as a safety valve, and wherein the safety valve is opened after confirming that the chamber has been switched to a closed state when supplying the treating fluid from a tank to the chamber.

Abstract: A panel hemming device includes: a fixing die on which a panel is placed and having a supporting surface stepped upward to be parallel with an end of the panel; a hemming shaft having a first side coupled to a tool and having a second side to which a hemming roller, which contacts a top of the supporting surface when fixed to the fixing die, is coupled; a rotary shaft having a first side coupled to the first side of the hemming shaft to receive torque and having a second side, which contacts a bottom of the fixing die when fixed to the fixing die; and a case supporting an outer surface of the hemming shaft disposed through the case and coupled to a first end of the rotary shaft such that the rotary shaft can rotate upward or downward with respect to the first end.

Abstract: The present invention relates generally to a method of estimating reliability of a measurement distance of a laser rangefinder, and a localization method of a mobile robot using the laser rangefinder. More particularly, the present invention relates to a method of estimating reliability of a measurement distance of a laser rangefinder, and a localization method of a mobile robot using the laser rangefinder, the method being capable of estimating a distance type of a measurement distance measured by a laser rangefinder, and estimating reliability of the measurement distance to utilize the reliability in localization of a mobile robot.

Abstract: A multi-type microneedle is proposed. The multi-type microneedle includes: a substrate part; a plurality of needle holes provided in the substrate part; a plurality of needle parts provided at a predetermined distance from each other along a circumferential direction of each of the needle holes on an area of the substrate part partitioning each of the needle holes; and a patch in contact with a user's skin while in contact with one surface of the substrate part, wherein since the needle parts is provided in a certain pattern around one needle hole by further having a drug injection part or a drug storage part capable of additionally supplying a drug, the needle parts are inserted into a predetermined area of the skin so that the drug to be delivered into the body may be rapidly diffused or permeated subcutaneously, and also an amount of the drug delivered is controlled.

Abstract: A panel hemming device includes: a fixing die on which a panel is placed and that has a supporting surface stepped upward to be parallel with an end of the panel; a hemming shaft having a first side coupled to a tool and having a second side to which a hemming roller, which comes in contact with a top of the supporting surface when fixed to the fixing die, is coupled; a rotary shaft having a first side coupled to the first side of the hemming shaft to receive torque and having a second side coming in contact with a bottom of the fixing die when fixed to the fixing die; and a case supporting an outer surface of the hemming shaft disposed through the case and coupled to a first end of the rotary shaft such that the rotary shaft can rotate upward or downward with respect to the first end.

Abstract: A method for evaluating the distance type of the measured distance comprises a sample extracting step for extracting a plurality of preliminary samples around a predicted pose; a reference set calculating step for calculating a reference distance set corresponding to each preliminary sample through applying each preliminary sample to a reference distance calculating algorithm which is previously registered, wherein the reference distance set comprises reference distances corresponding to each of a plurality of distance types; a distance type extracting step for extracting a distance type corresponding to each of the reference distance sets based on a smallest distance error among distance errors between each reference distance which compose the reference distance set and the measured distance; and a distance type evaluating step for evaluating a distance type of the measured distance based on the distance type which is extracted in correspondence with each reference distance set.

Abstract: The present invention relates generally to a method of estimating reliability of a measurement distance of a laser rangefinder, and a localization method of a mobile robot using the laser rangefinder. More particularly, the present invention relates to a method of estimating reliability of a measurement distance of a laser rangefinder, and a localization method of a mobile robot using the laser rangefinder, the method being capable of estimating a distance type of a measurement distance measured by a laser rangefinder, and estimating reliability of the measurement distance to utilize the reliability in localization of a mobile robot.

Abstract: A method for evaluating the distance type of the measured distance comprises a sample extracting step for extracting a plurality of preliminary samples around a predicted pose; a reference set calculating step for calculating a reference distance set corresponding to each preliminary sample through applying each preliminary sample to a reference distance calculating algorithm which is previously registered, wherein the reference distance set comprises reference distances corresponding to each of a plurality of distance types; a distance type extracting step for extracting a distance type corresponding to each of the reference distance sets based on a smallest distance error among distance errors between each reference distance which compose the reference distance set and the measured distance; and a distance type evaluating step for evaluating a distance type of the measured distance based on the distance type which is extracted in correspondence with each reference distance set.

Abstract: The present invention relates generally to high sulfur content polymeric materials and composites, methods for making them, and devices using them such as electrochemical cells and optical elements. In one aspect, a polymeric composition comprising a copolymer of sulfur, at a level in the range of at least about 50 wt % of the copolymer, and one or more monomers each selected from the group consisting of ethylenically unsaturated monomers, epoxide monomers, and thiirane monomers, at a level in the range of about 0.1 wt % to about 50 wt % of the copolymer.

Abstract: The present invention relates generally to high sulfur content polymeric materials and composites, methods for making them, and devices using them such as electrochemical cells and optical elements. In one aspect, a polymeric composition comprising a copolymer of sulfur, at a level in the range of at least about 50 wt % of the copolymer, and one or more monomers each selected from the group consisting of ethylenically unsaturated monomers, epoxide monomers, and thiirane monomers, at a level in the range of about 0.1 wt % to about 50 wt % of the copolymer.

Abstract: Provided is a backward motion control technology for a car. The car comprises a backward-motion control terminal, a control signal converter, and a backward-motion controller. The backward-motion control terminal outputs a first backward-motion control signal corresponding to a backward velocity and a backward direction of the last trailer according to a user's operation. The control signal converter converts the first backward-motion control signal to a second backward-motion control signal which corresponds to a backward velocity and a backward direction of the car. The backward-motion controller controls the car based on the second backward-motion control signal so that the last trailer moves backward by the backward velocity and the backward direction corresponding to the first backward-motion controlling signal.

Abstract: A car connected to at least one trailer and backward motion control method are provided. The car includes a driving part controlling a velocity and a direction of the car, a backward-motion control terminal outputting a first backward-motion control signal corresponding to a backward velocity and a backward direction of the last trailer according to a user's operation, a control signal converter converting the first backward-motion control signal to a second backward-motion control signal which corresponds to a backward velocity and a backward direction of the car and makes the last trailer move backward as the backward velocity and the backward direction corresponding to the first backward-motion control signal, and a backward-motion controller controlling the driving part on the basis of the second backward-motion control signal so that the last trailer moves backward by the backward velocity and the backward direction corresponding to the first backward-motion controlling signal.

Abstract: A robot hand finger makes a hooking movement similar to that of the human fingers with less number of driving units by installing a 4-joint link. A robot hand includes several fingers and 4-joint link in order to implement a horizontal movement of the fingers. A robot hand selectively drives a hooking movement and a horizontal movement of fingers with less number of driving units by having a clutch unit. A robot hand includes fingers with a strain gage and is able to control a grasping force by using a value measured by the strain gage.

Abstract: A robot hand finger makes a hooking movement similar to that of the human fingers with less number of driving units by installing a 4-joint link. A robot hand includes several fingers and 4-joint link in order to implement a horizontal movement of the fingers. A robot hand selectively drives a hooking movement and a horizontal movement of fingers with less number of driving units by having a clutch unit. A robot hand includes fingers with a strain gage and is able to control a grasping force by using a value measured by the strain gage.