Abstract: A semiconductor device includes a first active pattern including a first lower pattern and first sheet patterns; a second active pattern including a second lower pattern and second sheet patterns, a height of the second lower pattern being smaller than a height of the first lower pattern; a first gate structure on the first lower pattern; a second gate structure on the second lower pattern; a first source/drain pattern on the first lower pattern and connected to the first sheet patterns; and a second source/drain pattern on the second lower pattern and connected to the second sheet patterns, wherein a width of an upper surface of the first lower pattern is different from a width of an upper surface of the second lower pattern, and wherein a number of first sheet patterns is different from a number of second sheet patterns.

Abstract: Disclosed is a ferromagnetic element-substituted room-temperature multiferroic material having ferromagnetism and ferroelectricity at room temperature, wherein the ferromagnetic element-substituted room-temperature multiferroic material includes a compound of chemical formula 1: <chemical formula 1> (Pb1-xMx)Fe1/2Nb1/2O3. In chemical formula 1, M represents a ferromagnetic element, and x represents a number greater than 0 and smaller than 1.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are a vehicle control apparatus and a vehicle control method thereof. The vehicle control apparatus includes an input unit to receive first current heat energy calculation information, receive second current heat energy calculation information, and receive a current degree of slope; an estimator to estimate a current temperature of the brake apparatus on the basis of information regarding the difference between the first current heat energy calculation information and the second current heat energy calculation information; a compensator to compensate for braking power between the brake apparatus and the brake friction material; and a controller to receive the first current heat energy calculation information, the second current heat energy calculation information, and the current degree of slope, transmit an estimation command to the estimator, and transmit a compensation command to the compensator.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are a vehicle control apparatus and a vehicle control method thereof. The vehicle control apparatus includes an input unit to receive first current heat energy calculation information, receive second current heat energy calculation information, and receive a current degree of slope; an estimator to estimate a current temperature of the brake apparatus on the basis of information regarding the difference between the first current heat energy calculation information and the second current heat energy calculation information; a compensator to compensate for braking power between the brake apparatus and the brake friction material; and a controller to receive the first current heat energy calculation information, the second current heat energy calculation information, and the current degree of slope, transmit an estimation command to the estimator, and transmit a compensation command to the compensator.

Abstract: The injection system of a fuel injection pump is provided. In the injection system of a fuel injection pump, a plunger performs a reciprocating slide motion in the axial direction inside of the plunger chamber of a barrel for compressing fuel. The plunger has a release groove and a control edge. A spill port is formed in the wall surface of the barrel. A damping groove is formed in the upper-part outer circumference of the control edge and provides a fine fuel flow path. The damping groove meets the spill port in advance to form the fine flow of fuel from the plunger chamber to the spill port before the control edge of the plunger meets the spill port to release pressure.

Abstract: A fuel injection pump having a variable pressure chamber which can adjust a fuel injection timing according to each engine load with a simple structure and a lower manufacture cost compared to the conventional injection pump without a separate apparatus for moving a barrel as well as not modifying a shape of a plunger.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a fuel injection pump having a variable pressure chamber which can adjust a fuel injection timing according to each engine load with a simple structure and a lower manufacture cost compared to the conventional injection pump without a separate apparatus for moving a barrel as well as not modifying a shape of a plunger.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an apparatus for sensing precipitation density of sludge in a wastewater treatment tank, more particularly to an apparatus and method for precisely taking density of sludge precipitated in a wastewater treatment tank without being contaminated by sludge. The present invention of an apparatus for sensing precipitation density of sludge in a waste water treatment tank comprises a container which is tube-shaped with a bottom thereof open and submerged in wastewater as filled with gas therein; and a sensor which is installed in the space in the container, and senses sludge density as not directly contacting with wastewater.

Abstract: The injection system of a fuel injection pump is provided. In the injection system of a fuel injection pump, a plunger performs a reciprocating slide motion in the axial direction inside of the plunger chamber of a barrel for compressing fuel. The plunger has a release groove and a control edge. A spill port is formed in the wall surface of the barrel. A damping groove is formed in the upper-part outer circumference of the control edge and provides a fine fuel flow path. The damping groove meets the spill port in advance to form the fine flow of fuel from the plunger chamber to the spill port before the control edge of the plunger meets the spill port to release pressure.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an apparatus for sensing precipitation density of sludge in a wastewater treatment tank, more particularly to an apparatus and method for precisely taking density of sludge precipitated in a wastewater treatment tank without being contaminated by sludge. The present invention of an apparatus for sensing precipitation density of sludge in a waste water treatment tank comprises a container which is tube-shaped with a bottom thereof open and submerged in wastewater as filled with gas therein; and a sensor which is installed in the space in the container, and senses sludge density as not directly contacting with wastewater.