Abstract: An image sensor includes a substrate including first and second pixel regions adjacent to each other, the substrate including first and second surfaces opposite to each other, a pixel isolation pattern in the substrate to define the first and second pixel regions, a transfer gate on the first surface of the substrate of the first pixel region, a floating diffusion region adjacent to a side of the transfer gate, a first ground dopant region adjacent to the first surface of the substrate in the first pixel region, and a second ground dopant region adjacent to the first surface of the substrate in the second pixel region. A bottom surface of the first ground dopant region is located at a lower level than a bottom surface of the floating diffusion region.

Abstract: A method of synthesizing reactor core power distribution is disclosed. According to the method, the power of all fuel assemblies in a reactor core is calculated from powers of fuel assemblies in which in-core instruments are located using the ordinary kriging methodology. Also, a hot-pin power distribution of each fuel assembly is synthesized from the power of all fuel assemblies calculated, whereby more accurate hot-pin axial power distribution, rather than pseudo hot-pin axial power distribution, may be synthesized.

Abstract: An image sensor includes a substrate having a first surface and a second surface opposing the first surface, a first isolation pattern defining a plurality of shared pixel regions in the substrate, and a plurality of shared pixels respectively in the plurality of shared pixel regions. Each of the plurality of shared pixels includes a second isolation pattern defining a plurality of unit pixel regions in a corresponding shared pixel region, the second isolation pattern having an open region in a plan view, a plurality of photodiodes in the plurality of unit pixel regions, respectively, a plurality of floating diffusion regions in the plurality of unit pixel regions, and an inter-pixel overflow (IPO) gate overlapping the open region in the plan view. Each of the plurality of floating diffusion regions in each of the plurality of shared pixels is spaced apart from the IPO gate.

Abstract: An image sensor includes a dual vertical gate including two vertical portions apart from each other by an isolation area in a first direction and vertically extending into a substrate, a connection portion configured to connect the two vertical portions to each other on the two vertical portions, and a device isolation layer on side surfaces of the vertical portions in the first direction, wherein each of the two vertical portions includes an upper vertical portion and a lower vertical portion, a sidewall of the upper vertical portion forms a first inclination angle with a line extending in the first direction, a sidewall of the lower vertical portion forms a second inclination angle with the line extending in the first direction, and the first inclination angle is different from the second inclination angle.

Abstract: According to embodiments of the disclosure, a sensing unit includes a sensing line receiving a pixel current from a pixel, a current sink unit connected to the sensing line and receiving a sink current from the sensing line, and a current integrator connected to the sensing line and generating an output voltage using a control current supplied from the sensing line, and the current sink unit changes a current amount of the sink current in response to the output voltage.

Abstract: A sensing circuit of a display device includes a sensing line initialization circuit which substantially simultaneously initializes a first sensing line and a second sensing line in a first sub-sensing period of a sensing period, a first line selection switch which couples the first sensing line to a sensing channel in the first sub-sensing period, a second line selection switch which couples the second sensing line to the sensing channel in a second sub-sensing period of the sensing period, and the sensing channel which samples a first sensing voltage of the first sensing line in a first sampling period of the first sub-sensing period, and samples a second sensing voltage of the second sensing line in a second sampling period of the second sub-sensing period. The second sensing line is not initialized during a period from the first sampling period to the second sampling period.

Abstract: A sensing circuit includes a first line selection switch which connects a first sensing line to a sensing channel in a first sub-sensing period, a first noise selection switch which connects the first sensing line to a reference channel in a second sub-sensing period, a second line selection switch which connects a second sensing line to the sensing channel in the second sub-sensing period, and a second noise selection switch which connects the second sensing line to the reference channel in the first sub-sensing period. The sensing channel samples a first sensing voltage and noise of the first sensing line and the reference channel samples noise of the second sensing line in a first sampling period, and the sensing channel samples a second sensing voltage and noise of the second sensing line and the reference channel samples noise of the first sensing line in a second sampling period.

Abstract: A display apparatus includes a display panel, a compensator, a controller, and a data driver. The compensator determines a degradation grayscale of a compensation region of the display panel. The degradation grayscale may be determined based on a driving time of at least one pixel in the compensation region and degradation data corresponding to the at least one pixel. The controller generates compensated image data for input image data based on the degradation grayscale. The data driver provides a data voltage to the at least one pixel based on the compensated image data.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to semiconductor device. One example semiconductor device includes a plurality of unit pixels, where each unit pixel of the plurality of unit pixels includes a pair of transfer gates including a first transfer gate and a second transfer gate, a photoelectric converter, and a floating diffusion region spaced apart from the photoelectric converter. The first transfer gate and the second transfer gate are disposed asymmetrically with respect to the photoelectric converter and the floating diffusion region.

Abstract: Proposed is a method of synthesizing reactor core power distribution using an in-core instrument in a reactor core protection system, that is, a method of synthesizing reactor core power distribution for a reactor core protection system based on an in-core instrument signal using an ordinary kriging method. According to the present disclosure, a power of all fuel assemblies in a reactor core is calculated from powers of fuel assemblies where in-core instruments are located using the ordinary kriging methodology, and a hot-pin power distribution of each fuel assembly is synthesized from the power of all fuel assemblies calculated, whereby there is an effect that more accurate hot-pin axial power distribution, rather than pseudo hot-pin axial power distribution, may be synthesized.

Abstract: An image sensor that includes a substrate including a photoelectric conversion region, a semiconductor pattern on the substrate, a gate electrode on the semiconductor pattern, and a gate insulating layer between the semiconductor pattern and the gate electrode. The semiconductor pattern includes a first sub pattern including a first source/drain region, a second sub pattern including a second source/drain region, and a third sub pattern between the first sub pattern and the second sub pattern. The gate electrode is on the third sub pattern. The first sub pattern, the second sub pattern, and the third sub pattern extend along different directions.

Abstract: A display device includes a pixel component including first pixels which emits light having a first color, and second pixels which emits light having a second color different from the first color, a sensing component which extracts, during a sensing period, first sensing data from the first pixels, and second sensing data from the second pixels, and a temperature determiner which senses a temperature of the pixel component using the first sensing data and the second sensing data. The temperature determiner senses, when the first sensing data is supplied to the temperature determiner, the temperature of the pixel component at least one time.

Abstract: Provided is an image sensor including a device isolation structure. The image sensor includes a semiconductor substrate including a pixel array including a plurality of pixels, a first photoelectric conversion device and a second photoelectric conversion device inside the semiconductor substrate and included in each of the plurality of pixels, microlenses on the first photoelectric conversion device and the second photoelectric conversion device and a device isolation structure between the plurality of pixels and between the first photoelectric conversion device and the second photoelectric conversion device, the device isolation structure opening a part between the first photoelectric conversion device and the second photoelectric conversion device, including an open region at each edge of the plurality of pixels, and may be continuous in the pixel array.

Abstract: A display device includes a display unit, a scan driver, and a data driver. The display unit includes pixels coupled to scan lines, sensing scan lines, data lines, and sensing lines. The scan driver supplies a scan signal to the scan lines, and supplies a sensing scan signal to the sensing scan lines. The data driver supplies an image data voltage to the data lines, and detects sensing values of the pixels on a pixel column basis through the sensing lines during a sensing period. The data driver includes an analog-to-digital converter which converts the detected sensing values into digital data during the sensing period and outputs sensing data. The analog-to-digital converter pauses the detection of the sensing values during a first period of the sensing period.

Abstract: A display apparatus includes a display panel including pixels, a gate driver outputting gate signals to the pixels, a data driver outputting data voltages to the pixels, a sensing circuit receiving sensed signals from the pixels, a power voltage generator applying a power voltage, and a driving controller for stopping the display panel, the gate driver, the data driver, and/or the power voltage generator when the display panel is determined to be defective. The driving controller selects a first-mode threshold set or a second-mode threshold set based on an initial value set related to the sensed signals for determining whether the display panel is defective. Thresholds in the first-mode threshold set respectively correspond to and are respectively unequal to thresholds in the second-mode threshold set.

Abstract: A sensing circuit of a display device includes a sensing line initialization circuit which substantially simultaneously initializes a first sensing line and a second sensing line in a first sub-sensing period of a sensing period, a first line selection switch which couples the first sensing line to a sensing channel in the first sub-sensing period, a second line selection switch which couples the second sensing line to the sensing channel in a second sub-sensing period of the sensing period, and the sensing channel which samples a first sensing voltage of the first sensing line in a first sampling period of the first sub-sensing period, and samples a second sensing voltage of the second sensing line in a second sampling period of the second sub-sensing period. The second sensing line is not initialized during a period from the first sampling period to the second sampling period.

Abstract: A display device includes a pixel component including first pixels which emits light having a first color, and second pixels which emits light having a second color different from the first color, a sensing component which extracts, during a sensing period, first sensing data from the first pixels, and second sensing data from the second pixels, and a temperature determiner which senses a temperature of the pixel component using the first sensing data and the second sensing data. The temperature determiner senses, when the first sensing data is supplied to the temperature determiner, the temperature of the pixel component at least one time.

Abstract: A display device including: a display panel including a plurality of pixels; a display panel driver configured to drive the display panel; a memory device configured to store a reference current-temperature model that is set for the display panel, a global offset of the display panel, which is calculated based on the reference current-temperature model in a manufacturing stage of the display panel, and a local offset of the display panel, which is calculated based on a characteristic difference between the pixels in the manufacturing stage; and a panel temperature determiner configured to measure sensing currents flowing through the pixels when a temperature sensing voltage is applied to the pixels, calculate correction sensing currents by applying the global offset and the local offset to the sensing currents, and determine temperatures of the pixels by substituting the correction sensing currents into the reference current-temperature model.

Abstract: A sensing circuit of a display device includes a sensing line initialization circuit which substantially simultaneously initializes a first sensing line and a second sensing line in a first sub-sensing period of a sensing period, a first line selection switch which couples the first sensing line to a sensing channel in the first sub-sensing period, a second line selection switch which couples the second sensing line to the sensing channel in a second sub-sensing period of the sensing period, and the sensing channel which samples a first sensing voltage of the first sensing line in a first sampling period of the first sub-sensing period, and samples a second sensing voltage of the second sensing line in a second sampling period of the second sub-sensing period. The second sensing line is not initialized during a period from the first sampling period to the second sampling period.

Abstract: A sensing circuit includes a first line selection switch which connects a first sensing line to a sensing channel in a first sub-sensing period, a first noise selection switch which connects the first sensing line to a reference channel in a second sub-sensing period, a second line selection switch which connects a second sensing line to the sensing channel in the second sub-sensing period, and a second noise selection switch which connects the second sensing line to the reference channel in the first sub-sensing period. The sensing channel samples a first sensing voltage and noise of the first sensing line and the reference channel samples noise of the second sensing line in a first sampling period, and the sensing channel samples a second sensing voltage and noise of the second sensing line and the reference channel samples noise of the first sensing line in a second sampling period.