Abstract: A learning data set enhancing method comprises the steps of: determining a first initial learning data set comprising a first learning-purpose natural language query, database information regarding the database, and a first learning-purpose SQL query corresponding to the first learning-purpose natural language query; generating first novel database information regarding a first novel database having a different schema from the database by applying a first schema modification operation to the database; generating a first novel learning-purpose SQL query regarding the first novel database by applying a first SQL query synchronization operation corresponding to the first schema modification operation to the first learning-purpose SQL query; and determining a first novel learning data set comprising the first learning-purpose natural language query, the first novel database information, and the first novel learning-purpose SQL query.

Abstract: Disclosed are an interconnect structure including a substrate, a metal layer on the substrate, and a passivation layer including a topological compound and in contact with the metal layer.

Abstract: A method of a terminal may comprise: selecting one of a TN base station or NTN base station as a first base station; performing a first access registration procedure between the terminal and a core network through the first base station; identifying whether the core network supports dual-steering, based on a result of the first access registration procedure; in response to identifying that the core network supports dual-steering, performing a second access registration procedure between the terminal and the core network through a second base station other than the first base station among the TN base station or the NTN base station; and in response to a success of the second access registration procedure, performing a multiple access (MA) protocol data unit (PDU) session establishment procedure according to dual-steering through the first base station.

Abstract: Disclosed are semiconductor devices, three-dimensional memory devices, and manufacturing methods thereof. A disclosed semiconductor device is a semiconductor device including a transistor, and the transistor may comprise a polycrystalline layer in which crystal grains are vertically oriented, a channel layer in contact with a side surface of the polycrystalline layer and having a structure in which crystal grains are vertically oriented, a source and a drain provided on a first portion and a second portion of the channel layer, respectively, and a gate for controlling an electrical characteristic of the channel layer. The polycrystalline layer may have a discontinuous structure between the source and the drain, the channel layer may have a continuous structure between the source and the drain, and grain boundaries of the channel layer may be arranged in a direction non-parallel to a channel length direction between the source and the drain.

Abstract: A printed circuit board according to an embodiment includes an insulating layer; and a via portion disposed on the insulating layer; wherein the via portion includes: a first pad disposed under the insulating layer; a second pad disposed on the insulating layer; and a via part disposed between the first and second pads in the insulating layer; and wherein a width of the first pad is less than or equal to a width of a lower surface of the via part.

Abstract: A display device is provided. A display device includes a non-display area where no image is displayed, and a display area where images are displayed, and including a first area and a second area having different light transmittances, and a first pixel and a second pixel, wherein a transistor and an anode electrode of the first pixel are in the first area, wherein an anode electrode of the second pixel is in the second area, and a transistor of the second pixel is outside the second area, wherein the anode electrode and the transistor of the second pixel are electrically connected by a connection line, and wherein at least a part of the connection line is in at least one of the first area and the second area, and is covered by an anti-reflection layer.

Abstract: Proposed is a leak detection method including a mode determination step of determining, by a mode determination part, an operating mode of a cooling system on the basis of information received from the cooling system, a reference level determination step of determining, by a reference level determination part, a reference level in a cooling water storage tank in the operating mode determined in the mode determination step, a leak determination step of determining, by a leak determination part, whether a leak has occurred by comparing the reference level determined in the reference level determination step and a cooling water level in the cooling water storage tank measured in real time, and a notification step of providing, by a leak notification part, leak information to a set terminal when it is determined that the leak has occurred in the leak determination step.

Abstract: A sound-absorbing air duct for a vehicle includes a lower non-woven fabric and an upper non-woven fabric sandwiching wires therebetween; and a film made of a polyester resin having a low melting point and disposed on the upper non-woven fabric, wherein each of the lower and upper non-woven fabrics includes a mixture between a first polyester fiber containing a polyester resin having a melting point higher than 250° C. and a second polyester fiber containing a polyester resin having a low melting point and having a softening point of 100° C. to 150° C., wherein the second polyester fiber includes a polyester resin having a low melting point composed of: an acid component including terephthalic acid or an ester-forming derivative thereof; and a diol component including 2-methyl-1,3-propanediol, 2-methyl-1,3-pentanediol, and ethylene glycol.

Abstract: A high-purity NO2 gas generation apparatus, according to the present invention, comprises: an ozone gas generator; a nitrogen oxide gas generator containing NO; and a mixing unit for mixing ozone from the ozone gas generator and gas from the nitrogen oxide gas generator. Gas containing NO2 from the high-purity NO2 gas generation apparatus may be supplied to an apparatus for producing high-concentration activated water and fertilizer water. The apparatus for manufacturing high-concentration activated water and fertilizer water, according to the present invention, comprises: an upright cylindrical column forming a flow path in the longitudinal direction; a water supply unit positioned above the column and supplying water to the flow path; a gas supply unit positioned below the flow path and supplying gas containing NO2 gas; and a discharge port positioned at the lower end of the flow path and discharging a fluid.

Abstract: A method of a terminal may comprise: establishing first RRC connections with a first base station and a second base station; in response to a first event condition being satisfied, requesting preparation for first traffic switching by transmitting a first measurement report to the first base station; performing a first RRC reconfiguration procedure with the second base station; releasing the first RRC connection with the first base station; and transitioning to a first RRC-inactive state and a first connection management (CM)-inactive state for the first base station.

Abstract: IoT terminal and system of monitoring the occurrence of abnormal situation in an elevator are disclosed, wherein the system includes: an IoT terminal installed on the inside surface of an elevator and configured to detect abnormal situation in the elevator automatically and to transmitting the real-time sensing results; a control center terminal configured to receive the abnormal situation from the IoT terminal 100 in real time, to identify an abnormal situation in the elevator, and to control the abnormal situation and to propagate it in real time; an on-site personnel mobile terminal configured to receive the abnormal situation and output the abnormal situation that is propagated from the control center terminal.

Abstract: Provided is a nano structure for controlling optical properties of an optical device. The nano structure includes a substrate, a surface modification layer provided on the substrate to modify surface energy of the substrate, and a capping layer provided on the surface modification layer. The capping layer includes a convex portion having a convex profile away from the surface modification layer and a concave portion that is in contact with the surface modification layer.

Abstract: A bi-stable soft electromagnetic actuator includes a housing including a frame portion formed of a stretchable elastic body, a stretchable coil portion generating an electromagnetic field by applied power, located in the housing, and having a first surface and a second surface facing in mutually opposite directions, and at least a pair of permanent magnet portions respectively facing the first surface and the second surface of the stretchable coil portion and arranged to maintain a distance by the frame portion.

Abstract: Provided is a display device. The display device includes a substrate having a pixel area including a first sub-pixel area, a second sub-pixel area, and a third sub-pixel area, a first control layer on the substrate, a second control layer on the first control layer, an intervening layer disposed between the first control layer and the second control layer on the first sub-pixel area and the second sub-pixel area, first quantum dots on the intervening layer of the first sub-pixel area, second quantum dots on the intervening layer of the second sub-pixel area, and an organic layer configured to cover a top surface and a side surface of the intervening layer between the first control layer and the second control layer.

Abstract: Spiral graphene nanocrystals having electrical conductivity in a vertical direction due to interlayer covalent bonds, a graphene thin film including the spiral graphene nanocrystals, an interconnect structure manufactured from the spiral graphene nanocrystals or the graphene thin film, and a method of manufacturing the interconnect structure and an electronic device including the interconnect structure.

Abstract: The present application discloses a method for treating a protein deficiency in the central nervous system of a subject in need thereof, comprising systemically administering to the subject a therapeutically effective dose of a fusion polypeptide comprising the first protein, wherein the fusion polypeptide comprises: (a) the first protein; (b) a second protein that provides extended circulation-lifetime in vivo and (c) blood brain barrier crossing facilitating peptide; wherein the fusion polypeptide crosses the blood brain barrier (BBB).

Abstract: Disclosed is a display system, which includes a display including a pixel array having a plurality of pixels and that outputs a raw video, a shutter array including a plurality of shutters respectively corresponding to the plurality of pixels and that sequentially outputs a plurality of shuttered images respectively corresponding to a plurality of areas on the pixel array based on the raw video, and a variable focus lens that operates based on depth information corresponding to each of the plurality of shuttered images.

Abstract: An embodiment of the present disclosure provides an oral scanner system including: an oral scanner body which has an optical device and an imaging board disposed therein and is configured to receive power from an external power source or an internal battery; and an oral scanner calibration device configured to support the oral scanner body and calibrate the optical device using a pattern plate provided therein, wherein, upon insertion of the oral scanner calibration device into the oral scanner body, the oral scanner calibration device is electrically connected to the oral scanner body, and power is supplied to the oral scanner calibration device.

Abstract: Provided is a powder type additive including a cross-linked resin and a resin composition including the same. Specifically, the present disclosure relates to a powder type additive including a cross-linked resin, which improves mechanical properties, such tensile strength, elongation, and hardness, of a resin composition to be added and effectively suppresses sagging when the resin composition is extruded, is highly compatible with a base resin of the resin composition and thus does not deteriorate physical properties of the base resin, contributes to cost saving by recycling the cross-linked resin, and is eco-friendly, and a resin composition including the same.

Abstract: A method of preparing a sulfide-based solid electrolyte according to embodiments comprises mixing a solvent and a precursor in a reactor. An open vacuum atmosphere may be formed within the reactor. The mixture inside the reactor may be caused to react by stirring or under conditions of applying ultrasonic waves while maintaining the open vacuum atmosphere within the reactor. Accordingly, a high-purity sulfide-based solid electrolyte may be prepared with high efficiency.