Abstract: Provided is an auxiliary battery system of a vehicle, the auxiliary battery system comprising an auxiliary battery of the vehicle, which comprises a plurality of cells, and a battery controller configured to perform balancing between voltages between the plurality of cells of the auxiliary battery, the battery controller comprising a cell balancing control unit configured to perform balancing based on voltages of the plurality of cells when ignition of the vehicle is ON, and perform balancing based on a voltage deviation between the plurality of cells when the ignition of the vehicle is OFF.

Abstract: An apparatus for processing a substrate includes a reaction tube, a side cover, a heater, a first gas supplier, a second gas supplier and a controller. The reaction tube is configured to receive a substrate boat in which a plurality of the substrate is received to process the substrate. The side cover is configured to receive the reaction tube. The heater lines the interior of the side cover. The first gas supplier is provided to an upper portion of the side cover to supply a cooling gas at a first supplying rate to a space between the side cover and the reaction tube. The second gas supplier is provided to a lower portion of the side cover to supply the cooling gas at a second supplying rate different from the first supplying rate to the space between the side cover and the reaction tube. The controller controls the reaction tube.

Abstract: A method for operating a storage controller includes receiving a first read command, performing a first read of data stored in a nonvolatile memory using a first read level and receiving a first read data, performing first error correction decoding of the first read data to determine whether the first error correction decoding succeeds, determining a second read level using a predetermined method, and determining a first soft decision offset value of the second read level, reading data stored in the nonvolatile memory using the determined second read level and the first soft decision offset value and receiving a first soft decision data, performing second error correction decoding of the first soft decision data to determine whether the second error correction decoding succeeds, and storing the second read level, a first method used to determine the second read level and the first soft decision offset value.

Abstract: An embodiment vehicle front structure includes a pair of front side members, a pair of fender upper members located above the pair of front side members, respectively, a bumper back beam connecting front ends of the pair of front side members, and a front end module connected to the pair of front side members and the pair of fender upper members.

Abstract: A display device includes transistors disposed on a substrate, a first protective layer covering the transistors, conductive patterns disposed on the first protective layer, a second protective layer disposed on the conductive patterns, first and second electrodes disposed on the second protective layer, at least one light emitting disposed between the first and second electrodes, and a first contact electrode disposed on the first electrode and contacting an end of at least one light emitting element, and a second contact electrode disposed on the second electrode and contacting another end of the at least one light emitting element. The conductive patterns include first and second conductive patterns respectively overlapping the first and second electrodes. The first electrode is connected to the first conductive pattern. The second protective layer includes an opening hole exposing a portion of the second conductive pattern.

Abstract: A nonvolatile memory device includes a memory cell array and a row decoder. The memory cell array includes a plurality of mats. A first cell string of first mat is connected to a plurality of first word-lines, a first bit-line and a first string selection line. A second cell string of second mat is connected to a plurality of second word-lines, a second bit-line and a second string selection line. Each of the first and second cell strings includes a ground selection transistor, memory cells, and a string selection transistor coupled in series. The row decoder applies a first voltage to a third word-line among the plurality of first and second word-lines for a first period of time in a single mat mode and to apply a second voltage to the third word-line for a second period of time longer than the first period of time in a multi-mat mode.

Abstract: Provided are an ultrasound imaging apparatus and a method of processing an ultrasound image. The ultrasound imaging apparatus includes a display configured to display a moving image consisting of a plurality of ultrasound images that are played back according to a time order together with at least one icon, corresponding to at least one piece of change information for changing a display of at least one of the plurality of ultrasound images, in association with the time order.

Abstract: A display apparatus includes a user inputter receiving a user input; a content receiver receiving content data from a content source; a display configured to display an image included in the content data; a sound output configured to output sound included in the content data; and a processor configured to decode the content data into sound data, set a sound parameter according to a result of reinforcement learning about the sound parameter based on the user input, convert the sound data into a sound signal according to the set sound parameter, and control the sound output to output the sound corresponding to the sound signal.

Abstract: A display device includes a pixel disposed in a display area; a first line electrically connected to the pixel; and a first control line disposed around the first line. The pixel includes a first electrode and a second electrode spaced apart from each other; at least one intermediate electrode including a first intermediate electrode disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode; light emitting elements electrically connected between a pair of adjacent electrodes among the first electrode, the second electrode, and the at least one intermediate electrode; and a first switching element electrically connected between the first intermediate electrode and the first line, the first switching element being controlled by a signal applied to the first control line.

Abstract: Since the fat content of pork is a deciding factor in grading the quality of meat, the use of a noninvasive subcutaneous probe for real-time, in situ monitoring of the fat components is of importance to vendors and other interested parties. Fortunately, in situ, in vivo monitoring of subcutaneous fat can be accomplished with spatially offset Raman spectroscopy (SORS) using a fiber-optic probe. The probe acquires Raman spectra as a function of spatial offset. These spectra are used to determine the relative composition of fat-to-skin. The Raman intensity ratio varies disproportionately depending on the fat content, with variations in slope that are correlated to the thickness of the fat layer. Ordinary least square (OLS) regression using two components indicates that depth-resolved SORS spectra reflect the relative thickness of the fat layer.

Abstract: A nonvolatile memory device includes a memory cell array and a row decoder. The memory cell array includes a plurality of mats. A first cell string of first mat is connected to a plurality of first word-lines, a first bit-line and a first string selection line. A second cell string of second mat is connected to a plurality of second word-lines, a second bit-line and a second string selection line. Each of the first and second cell strings includes a ground selection transistor, memory cells, and a string selection transistor coupled in series. The row decoder applies a first voltage to a third word-line among the plurality of first and second word-lines for a first period of time in a single mat mode and to apply a second voltage to the third word-line for a second period of time longer than the first period of time in a multi-mat mode.

Abstract: A radiation shielding device for meteorological observation with internal air circulation including: a body for allowing meteorological sensors to be mounted therein; a cover for covering the body by engaging with the body; and a modified Venturi tube which is physically formed while the body and the cover are engaged with each other; wherein, the modified Venturi tube is configured as a first opening for receiving external air from an exterior of the body, a second opening for receiving internal air from an interior of the body, and a third opening for releasing the received external air and the received internal air, and wherein, the external air gets into the modified Venturi tube through the first opening, the internal air gets into the modified Venturi tube through the second opening, and the external air and the internal air are released from the modified Venturi tube through the third opening.

Abstract: A display device may include: a substrate including a display area and a non-display area; and at least one pixel disposed in the display area, and comprising at least one pixel including an emission area that emits light. The at least one pixel may include: at least one sub-electrode extending in a direction on the substrate; at least one branch electrode extending in a direction and spaced apart from the sub-electrode; a first insulating layer disposed on the at least one sub-electrode and the at least one branch electrode; first electrodes disposed on the first insulating layer and electrically connected with the at least one sub-electrode; second electrodes disposed on the first insulating layer and electrically connected with the at least one branch electrode; and at least one light emitting element aligned between at least one of the first electrodes and at least one of the second electrodes.

Abstract: A radiation shielding device for meteorological observation with internal air circulation including: a body for allowing meteorological sensors to be mounted therein; a cover for covering the body by engaging with the body; and a modified Venturi tube which is physically formed while the body and the cover are engaged with each other; wherein, the modified Venturi tube is configured as a first opening for receiving external air from an exterior of the body, a second opening for receiving internal air from an interior of the body, and a third opening for releasing the received external air and the received internal air, and wherein, the external air gets into the modified Venturi tube through the first opening, the internal air gets into the modified Venturi tube through the second opening, and the external air and the internal air are released from the modified Venturi tube through the third opening.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an apparatus for calibrating temperature and humidity of a radio-sonde to be adapted to the upper air environment using an upper air simulation chamber including: an isotemperature-isohumidity unit calibrating temperature and humidity measured via the radio-sonde; a sunlight generation unit coupled to the isotemperature-isohumidity unit and generating sunlight to be irradiated to the isotemperature-isohumidity unit; an air supply unit coupled to the isotemperature-isohumidity unit and controlling the pressure and temperature of atmospheric air, allowing supplying air to the isotemperature-isohumidity unit; a sonic nozzle coupled to the isotemperature-isohumidity unit and creating an air flow set at below a set pressure; and a vacuum pump coupled to the isotemperature-isohumidity unit and discharging air which penetrates the isotemperature-isohumidity unit.

Abstract: A display device includes a pixel disposed in a display area. The pixel includes first and second sub-areas; first and second electrodes of a first stage disposed in the first sub-area; first light emitting elements disposed between the first and second electrodes; first and second contact electrodes of the first stage to electrically connect the first light emitting elements between the first and second electrodes; first and second electrodes of a second stage disposed in the second sub-area; second light emitting elements disposed between the first and second electrodes of the second stage; first and second contact electrodes of the second stage to electrically connect the second light emitting elements between the first and second electrodes of the second stage; and a connection electrode to electrically connect the second contact electrode of the first stage with the first contact electrode of the second stage.

Abstract: A display device includes a first substrate including a first area and a second area located at the edge of the first area. A first electrode and a second electrode are on the first substrate and spaced from each other. Light emitting elements are located between the first electrode and the second electrode in the first area. A first conductive layer is on the first electrode in the second area. A pixel circuit layer is on the first conductive layer in the second area, and includes a transistor connected to the first conductive layer. A second substrate is on the pixel circuit layer.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a carrier for cell culture and, more specifically, to a carrier for cell culture and a cell culture medium composition comprising same, the carrier for cell culture comprising microcapsules which contain gelatin, a natural polymer, an oil, and an oil thickener and have improved mechanical properties. The microcapsules containing a natural oil, according to the present invention, have significantly improved mechanical properties and retention. When used as a carrier for cell culture in culturing cells, the microcapsules have the effects of improving adhesion and survival of the cells and inducing maturation of the cultured cells, and thus may be variously employed in cell culture using a carrier, co-culture systems, and the field of artificial cell structure production.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an organoid and, more specifically, to an organoid and a use thereof, the organoid being produced using a carrier for cell culture which comprises microcapsules containing gelatin, a natural polymer, an oil, and an oil thickener. When used as a carrier for cell culture in culturing cells, the microcapsules containing a natural oil, according to the present invention, have the effects of improving adhesion and survival of the cells and inducing maturation of the cultured cells. The organoid produced by culturing cells using the carrier for cell culture has been confirmed to have the function of the organ concerned and, when treated with a drug, react to the toxicity of the drug and thus may be variously employed in the development of new drugs, disease research, and the field of artificial organ development.

Abstract: The present invention relates to microcapsules comprising natural oil and, more specifically, to microcapsules which contain gelatin, natural polymers, oil, and an oil thickener and have enhanced mechanical properties, and a preparation method therefor. The microcapsules comprising natural oil according to the present invention have remarkably enhanced mechanical properties and retention properties, and when co-cultured with cells, the microcapsules provide the effect of inducing maturation of the cells, and thus may be used in various fields of microcarriers, cell cultures, and co-culture systems.