Abstract: Provided is a method of using a plasma etching apparatus in semiconductor manufacturing, the method including using a plasma etching apparatus in semiconductor manufacturing, the plasma etching apparatus comprising a component including a composite sintered body therein, wherein the composite sintered body comprises 30 vol % to 70 vol % of yttria (Y2O3) and 30 vol % to 70 vol % of magnesia (MgO), and wherein the component has plasma resistance. In addition, provided is a method of reducing etching by plasma in a plasma etching apparatus during semiconductor manufacturing, the method including providing a plasma etching apparatus for manufacturing a semiconductor including a component including a composite sintered body, wherein the composite sintered body comprises 30 vol % to 70 vol % of yttria (Y2O3) and 30 vol % to 70 vol % of magnesia (MgO), and wherein the component has plasma resistance.

Abstract: A fuel cell includes a cell stack having a plurality of unit cells stacked in a first direction, a plate disposed at at least one of two opposite ends of the cell stack, and a heating element disposed between the plate and the at least one of the two opposite ends of the cell stack. The heating element includes a plurality of heating patterns generating heat at different temperatures and the plate includes a plurality of power terminals connected to respective ones among the plurality of heating patterns.

Abstract: A fuel cell according to the disclosure includes a cell stack including a plurality of unit cells stacked in a first direction, a plate disposed at on least one of two end portions of the cell stack, a heating element disposed between the at least one of the two end portions of the cell stack and the plate and including a first connector including a first terminal protruding in a second direction intersecting the first direction and coupled to the plate in the first direction, and a second connector including a second terminal coupled to the first connector in the second direction and electrically connected to the first terminal.

Abstract: A meta optical device configured to sense incident light includes a plurality of nanorods each having a shape dimension less than a wavelength of the incident light. Each nanorod includes a first conductivity type semiconductor layer, an intrinsic semiconductor layer, and a second conductivity type semiconductor layer. The meta optical device may separate and sense wavelengths of the incident light.

Abstract: A deep learning model parallel processing method that is performed by a deep learning model parallel processing device includes loading a deep learning model to a main process by a central processing unit (CPU), partitioning parallelizable parameters included in the deep learning model by the CPU and storing the partitioned parallelizable parameters in a shared memory, calculating partition parameters partitioned from the parallelizable parameters by a sub-process in each of a plurality of graphic processing units (GPUs) while access of the main process to the shared memory is stopped, obtaining a calculation result of the partition parameters from the shared memory by the CPU and outputting the calculation result by the CPU.

Abstract: A fuel cell is provided to include a cell stack in which unit cells are stacked in a first direction, an end plate disposed at the end of the cell stack, and a current-collecting plate disposed between the end plate and the end of the cell stack. The current-collecting plate includes a conductive area having a conductive surface, which is in electrically conductive surface contact with a reaction surface of the end of the cell stack, and configured to collect power generated by the cell stack, and an airtight area having an airtight surface, which is in airtight surface contact with a non-reaction surface of the end of the cell stack, and surrounding the conductive area. The degree to which the conductive surface protrudes toward the end of the cell stack is different from the degree to which the airtight surface protrudes toward the end of the cell stack.

Abstract: An embodiment fuel cell includes a cell stack including a plurality of unit cells stacked in a first direction, a plate disposed at one of two end portions of the cell stack, the plate including a first terminal unit protruding in a second direction intersecting the first direction, a heating element including a second terminal unit engaged with the first terminal unit of the plate in the second direction, the heating element being disposed between the one of the two end portions of the cell stack and the plate, and an insulation part disposed at at least one of the first terminal unit or the second terminal unit, wherein one of the first terminal unit and the second terminal unit includes a pair of male heater terminals protruding in the second direction, and the other includes a pair of female heater terminals.

Abstract: A fuel cell is provided that includes a cell stack having a plurality of unit cells stacked in a first direction. An enclosure is disposed to surround the cell stack and includes an inlet that suctions external air and an outlet that discharges air that has been suctioned through the inlet and has circulated in the space between the cell stack and the enclosure. An insulating member is disposed to extend in the first direction in the space between an outer surface of the cell stack and an inner surface of the enclosure. The insulating member divides the space into a plurality of spaces and has an aperture formed therein to provide communication between the divided plurality of spaces, and an air intake member configured to suction air discharged from the outlet.

Abstract: Provided is a plasma etching apparatus component for manufacturing a semiconductor characterized by including a composite sintered body which contains 30 vol % to 70 vol % of yttria (Y2O3) and 30 vol % to 70 vol % of magnesia (MgO) and having plasma resistance. The plasma etching apparatus component for manufacturing a semiconductor provided in one aspect of the present invention has excellent corrosion resistance to plasma, and may have good corrosion resistance to plasma even when the composite sintered body is sintered at a relatively low relative density. In addition, the composite sintered body has a small crystal grain size and a small increase in surface roughness after etching, so that there is an effect that contaminant particles may be reduced. Furthermore, the plasma etching apparatus component for manufacturing a semiconductor has excellent strength compared to a typical plasma-resistant material, is inexpensive, and is excellent in terms of economic feasibility and utilization.

Abstract: A meta optical device configured to sense incident light includes a plurality of nanorods each having a shape dimension less than a wavelength of the incident light. Each nanorod includes a first conductivity type semiconductor layer, an intrinsic semiconductor layer, and a second conductivity type semiconductor layer. The meta optical device may separate and sense wavelengths of the incident light.

Abstract: An embodiment fuel cell includes a cell stack including a plurality of unit cells stacked in a first direction, a plate disposed at one of two end portions of the cell stack, the plate including a first terminal unit protruding in a second direction intersecting the first direction, a heating element including a second terminal unit engaged with the first terminal unit of the plate in the second direction, the heating element being disposed between the one of the two end portions of the cell stack and the plate, and an insulation part disposed at at least one of the first terminal unit or the second terminal unit, wherein one of the first terminal unit and the second terminal unit includes a pair of male heater terminals protruding in the second direction, and the other includes a pair of female heater terminals.

Abstract: A meta optical device configured to sense incident light includes a plurality of nanorods each having a shape dimension less than a wavelength of the incident light. Each nanorod includes a first conductivity type semiconductor layer, an intrinsic semiconductor layer, and a second conductivity type semiconductor layer. The meta optical device may separate and sense wavelengths of the incident light.

Abstract: A fuel cell includes a cell stack including a plurality of stacked unit cells and a heating unit configured to apply heat to the cell stack. The heating unit includes a heat-generating part and a heat-generating-part support part disposed on an end side of the cell stack. The heat-generating-part support part allows the heat-generating part to be fitted thereinto or to be drawn out therefrom.

Abstract: A fuel cell is provided to include a cell stack in which unit cells are stacked in a first direction, an end plate disposed at the end of the cell stack, and a current-collecting plate disposed between the end plate and the end of the cell stack. The current-collecting plate includes a conductive area having a conductive surface, which is in electrically conductive surface contact with a reaction surface of the end of the cell stack, and configured to collect power generated by the cell stack, and an airtight area having an airtight surface, which is in airtight surface contact with a non-reaction surface of the end of the cell stack, and surrounding the conductive area. The degree to which the conductive surface protrudes toward the end of the cell stack is different from the degree to which the airtight surface protrudes toward the end of the cell stack.

Abstract: A meta optical device configured to sense incident light includes a plurality of nanorods each having a shape dimension less than a wavelength of the incident light. Each nanorod includes a first conductivity type semiconductor layer, an intrinsic semiconductor layer, and a second conductivity type semiconductor layer. The meta optical device may separate and sense wavelengths of the incident light.

Abstract: Provided is an electrochemical machine. More particularly, provided is an electrochemical machine which removes an electrolytic product generated while electrochemical machining (ECM) so as to improve the quality of ECM and allows micro ECM.

Abstract: A drug injecting implement equipped with a sliding attachment unit includes a main body having an accommodating space formed on the inside thereof, and equipped with a handle, an insertion needle having a solution flow pathway for a drug solution to flow therethrough, and of which one side is secured inside the main body while the other side extends outside the main body, an image measuring unit disposed on the main body, and of which one portion is formed in elongated fashion, a sliding attachment unit having an open topped accommodating unit for accommodating a separate drug container on the inside thereof, and which slides selectively on the side surface of the main body and a solution injecting unit provided on the main body and which is adapted such that the drug solution accommodated inside the drug container is injected into the human body via the insertion needle.

Abstract: Provided is a method of manufacturing an organic deposition mask used in manufacturing of an organic light emitting diode (OLED). More specially, provided is a method of manufacturing an organic deposition mask by which fine deposition openings may be formed on a thin board by electrochemical machining (ECM) using a multi array electrode having projecting electrode parts arrayed thereon. According to an embodiment of the present invention, the method of manufacturing an organic deposition mask including deposition openings formed of first openings facing a deposition source and second openings facing a deposited object, the method may include: forming the first openings on one side of a thin board; and forming the second openings on an opposite side of the thin board by electrochemical machining (ECM) using a second multi array electrode having second projecting electrode parts arrayed thereon so as to communicate with the first openings.

Abstract: An operation method of a switch apparatus in an Ethernet-based vehicle network, includes: receiving a first frame including original data from an end node; generating a second frame including the original data; duplicating the original data to generate duplicated data; and generating a third frame including the duplicated data and an indicator indicating that the third frame includes the duplicated data.

Abstract: A semiconductor fabrication method includes performing a first treatment process on a substrate, inspecting the substrate using a spectroscopic system that includes a light entrance part, a light exit part, a diffraction grating, and a controllable mirror device, and performing a second treatment process of the substrate. The step of performing the inspection process includes separating incident light into a plurality of light rays each having different wavelengths, the incident light being provided to the light entrance part and diffracted at the diffraction grating, and moving the controllable mirror device to reflect a first light ray from among the plurality of light rays having a first wavelength to the light exit part.