Abstract: Introduced is a seat belt wearing determination apparatus including a camera configured to capture an interior of a vehicle, a controller configured to determine a first bounding box and a second bounding box from an image including a seated occupant captured by the camera and determine whether the seated occupant is wearing a seat belt based on the overlapping degree of the first and second bounding boxes, wherein the first bounding box corresponds to the upper body region of the seated occupant, and the second bounding box includes the seat belt detected from the captured image by the controller.

Abstract: A pedestrian protection apparatus may include: an active sensor configured to sense a forward obstacle of a vehicle; a passive sensor configured to sense a collision of the vehicle; a storage unit configured to store a collision threshold value which is set according to the passive sensor and a protection subject; a protection module driving unit configured to drive a protection module for protecting the protection subject in case of a collision with the vehicle; and a control unit configured to identify the protection subject based on the sensing result of the active sensor, adjust the collision threshold value according to the protection subject, compare the sensing result of the passive sensor to the collision threshold value, and operate the protection module driving unit.

Abstract: A pedestrian protection apparatus includes: an active sensor configured to sense a dynamic behavior of a vehicle; a passive sensor configured to sense a collision of the vehicle; and a pedestrian protection module configured to: predict a possibility of a pedestrian collision in response to active information received from the active sensor, the pedestrian collision being a collision of the vehicle that involves a pedestrian; adjust a threshold value for sensing the collision of the vehicle determined by passive information received from the passive sensor in response to predicting the possibility of the pedestrian collision; and deploy a protection module in response to determining the pedestrian collision using the adjusted threshold value and the passive information received from the passive sensor.

Abstract: A pedestrian protection apparatus may include: an active sensor configured to sense a forward obstacle of a vehicle; a passive sensor configured to sense a collision of the vehicle; a storage unit configured to store a collision threshold value which is set according to the passive sensor and a protection subject; a protection module driving unit configured to drive a protection module for protecting the protection subject in case of a collision with the vehicle; and a control unit configured to identify the protection subject based on the sensing result of the active sensor, adjust the collision threshold value according to the protection subject, compare the sensing result of the passive sensor to the collision threshold value, and operate the protection module driving unit.

Abstract: A pedestrian protection apparatus includes: an active sensor configured to sense a dynamic behavior of a vehicle; a passive sensor configured to sense a collision of the vehicle; and a pedestrian protection module configured to: predict a possibility of a pedestrian collision in response to active information received from the active sensor, the pedestrian collision being a collision of the vehicle that involves a pedestrian; adjust a threshold value for sensing the collision of the vehicle determined by passive information received from the passive sensor in response to predicting the possibility of the pedestrian collision; and deploy a protection module in response to determining the pedestrian collision using the adjusted threshold value and the passive information received from the passive sensor.

Abstract: A capacitor includes a bottom electrode and a top electrode positioned above the bottom electrode. The top electrode and the bottom electrode are conductively coupled to one another. A middle electrode is positioned between the bottom electrode and the top electrode. A lower dielectric layer is positioned between the bottom electrode and the middle electrode. An upper dielectric layer is positioned between the middle electrode and the top electrode. A first contact is conductively coupled to the top electrode. A second contact is conductively coupled to the middle electrode.

Abstract: A capacitor includes a bottom electrode and a top electrode positioned above the bottom electrode. The top electrode and the bottom electrode are conductively coupled to one another. A middle electrode is positioned between the bottom electrode and the top electrode. A lower dielectric layer is positioned between the bottom electrode and the middle electrode. An upper dielectric layer is positioned between the middle electrode and the top electrode. A first contact is conductively coupled to the top electrode. A second contact is conductively coupled to the middle electrode.

Abstract: A capacitor includes a bottom electrode and a top electrode positioned above the bottom electrode. The top electrode and the bottom electrode are conductively coupled to one another. A middle electrode is positioned between the bottom electrode and the top electrode. A lower dielectric layer is positioned between the bottom electrode and the middle electrode. An upper dielectric layer positioned between the middle electrode and the top electrode. A first contact is conductively coupled to the top electrode. A second contact is conductively coupled to the middle electrode.

Abstract: A method for forming intermetal dielectric of semiconductor device comprising the steps of: forming a first insulating layer on a semiconductor substrate having device such as transistors therein; forming metal wirings in which a Ti/TiN layer, an Al layer and a TiN layer are stacked successively on the first insulating layer; forming a spacer of TiN layer at side of the metal wirings; forming a second insulating layer on the metal wirings having the spacer and on the first insulating layer, wherein the second insulating layer is made of an insulating material whose deposition rate varies in accordance with the kinds of bottom layers; forming a third insulating layer on the second insulating layer; and polishing the third insulating layer by a chemical mechanical polishing process.