Abstract: A secondary battery includes: a can having an accommodation space therein; an electrode assembly accommodated in the accommodation space in the can; and a cap assembly sealed with the can. The can has a beading part recessed into a side wall of the can at a region below where the cap assembly is accommodated, and the beading part has an acute angle with respect to the side wall of the can.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides methods for releasing a reserved resource in a network. An operation method performed in a first communication node of a vehicle network includes generating a first frame including identification information of a stream transmitted through a reserved resource and a first indicator instructing to release the reserved resource; and transmitting the first frame to a second communication node.

Abstract: Operation methods of a first communication node in a network, in particular, an Ethernet-based vehicle network, include: transmitting, by the first communication node to at least one communication node which is connected to the first communication node, a first frame requesting state information of a physical layer between the first communication node and the at least one communication node; receiving, by the first communication node from the at least one communication node, a second frame in response to the first frame; and identifying, by the first communication node, a state of the physical layer based on the second frame when the second frame is received.

Abstract: A time synchronization method performed by a communication node in a vehicle includes: receiving, from a road side unit (RSU), a first frame including time information of a first domain to which the RSU belongs; setting a time of the vehicle based on a time indicated by the time information of the first domain; and transmitting a second frame including the time information of the vehicle.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides methods for releasing a reserved resource in a network. An operation method performed in a first communication node of a vehicle network includes generating a first frame including identification information of a stream transmitted through a reserved resource and a first indicator instructing to release the reserved resource; and transmitting the first frame to a second communication node.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides methods for releasing a reserved resource in a network. An operation method performed in a first communication node of a vehicle network includes generating a first frame including identification information of a stream transmitted through a reserved resource and a first indicator instructing to release the reserved resource; and transmitting the first frame to a second communication node.

Abstract: A method for configuring a communication path comprises: receiving a first frame requesting to configure a communication path through which a stream is transmitted; configuring a table of the first communication node based on information included in the first frame, when a second frame having a same stream identifier as a stream identifier of the first frame is not received; increasing a hop count of the first frame; and transmitting the first frame including the increased hop count.

Abstract: An operation method of a switch apparatus in an Ethernet-based vehicle network, includes: receiving a first frame including original data from an end node; generating a second frame including the original data; duplicating the original data to generate duplicated data; and generating a third frame including the duplicated data and an indicator indicating that the third frame includes the duplicated data.

Abstract: Operation methods of a first communication node in a network, in particular, an Ethernet-based vehicle network, include: transmitting, by the first communication node to at least one communication node which is connected to the first communication node, a first frame requesting state information of a physical layer between the first communication node and the at least one communication node; receiving, by the first communication node from the at least one communication node, a second frame in response to the first frame; and identifying, by the first communication node, a state of the physical layer based on the second frame when the second frame is received.

Abstract: An operation method of a communication node in an Ethernet-based vehicle network includes: transmitting a first frame advertising a presence of a data unit to be transmitted; receiving a second frame indicating that preparation for receiving the data unit is completed; and transmitting a third frame including the data unit using a static bandwidth which is reserved through an exchange of the first frame and the second frame.

Abstract: Disclosed are time synchronization methods for domains based on time information of a vehicle. A time synchronization method performed by a first end node belonging to a first domain of a vehicle includes: receiving a first frame including time information from the vehicle; changing the first end node to a grand master node of the first domain when the time information indicates a time of a universal time domain; and synchronizing a time of the grand master node with the time of the universal time domain.

Abstract: Operation methods of a first communication node in a network, in particular, an Ethernet-based vehicle network, include: transmitting, by the first communication node to at least one communication node which is connected to the first communication node, a first frame requesting state information of a physical layer between the first communication node and the at least one communication node; receiving, by the first communication node from the at least one communication node, a second frame in response to the first frame; and identifying, by the first communication node, a state of the physical layer based on the second frame when the second frame is received.

Abstract: An operation method of a first communication node among a plurality of communication nodes constituting an Ethernet-based vehicle network may comprise receiving a message from a second communication node; determining whether a source address of the message exists in a first address table stored in a memory of the first communication node; and transmitting the message and information on the source address of the message to a management node in response to determining that the source address of the message exists in the first address table.

Abstract: An operation method of a first communication node includes: measuring a magnitude of a current supplied to a second communication node through a data line in the vehicle network; comparing the measured magnitude of the current with a predetermined threshold value; generating an address resolution protocol (ARP) frame including fault-related information when the second communication node is determined to be in a fault state based on a result of the comparison; and transmitting the ARP frame.

Abstract: A time synchronization method performed by a communication node in a vehicle includes: receiving, from a road side unit (RSU), a first frame including time information of a first domain to which the RSU belongs; setting a time of the vehicle based on a time indicated by the time information of the first domain; and transmitting a second frame including the time information of the vehicle.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for analyzing a signal delay time based on controller area network (CAN) burst are disclosed. An apparatus for analyzing a signal delay time, connected to a controller area network (CAN) bus includes a measuring device configured to determine a transmission start time based on a receiving time point of a CAN signal and to determine a receiving time interval between the CAN signals that are continuously received, a fixer configured to fix a burst period corresponding to CAN signals with the determined receiving time interval less than a predetermined value, a selector configured to select an analysis target CAN signal in the fixed burst period, and a determiner configured to determine a maximum transmission delay time ‘a’ corresponding to the selected CAN signal.

Abstract: Disclosed are time synchronization methods for domains based on time information of a vehicle. A time synchronization method performed by a first end node belonging to a first domain of a vehicle includes: receiving a first frame including time information from the vehicle; changing the first end node to a grand master node of the first domain when the time information indicates a time of a universal time domain; and synchronizing a time of the grand master node with the time of the universal time domain.

Abstract: A time synchronization method performed by a communication node in a vehicle includes: receiving, from a road side unit (RSU), a first frame including time information of a first domain to which the RSU belongs; setting a time of the vehicle based on a time indicated by the time information of the first domain; and transmitting a second frame including the time information of the vehicle.

Abstract: An apparatus for a compliance test on a communication node includes: a monitoring port; a switch turning on or off a connection between the monitoring port and a communication port connected to the communication node; and a processor controlling the switch to turn on or off the connection between the monitoring port and the communication port.

Abstract: Disclosed are time synchronization methods for domains based on time information of a vehicle. A time synchronization method performed by a first end node belonging to a first domain of a vehicle includes: receiving a first frame including time information from the vehicle; changing the first end node to a grand master node of the first domain when the time information indicates a time of a universal time domain; and synchronizing a time of the grand master node with the time of the universal time domain.