Abstract: Discussed is a battery charging method and a battery system. The battery system charges battery packs connected in parallel with power from a charger, and includes: a battery that includes the battery packs, each battery pack including a battery module with battery cells and a voltage sensor configured to measure pack voltages, which are voltages of opposite ends of the battery module, and a master battery management system (BMS) configured to set voltage sections by using a lowest pack voltage among the pack voltages and a reference voltage, group the battery packs into charge groups by classifying each of the battery packs as a corresponding voltage section among the voltage sections, and control the battery packs belonging to the charge groups to be charged in an order from a charge group corresponding to a low voltage section to a charge group corresponding to a high voltage section.

Abstract: A method and a system for preventing overcharging of a battery configured to supply electric power to a driving motor of an electric vehicle and an E-PTO are disclosed. The method includes: detecting a charging state of the battery; calculating an amount of reduction in output power by calculating an average input power input to the battery in an overcharging state of the battery and calculating the amount of reduction in power to be output by a charger based on the calculated average input power; and requesting a reduction in charging power to the charger based on the calculated amount of reduction in output power.

Abstract: A method of controlling a driving speed, which controls a working vehicle at a remote location to be driven on a route at an optical driving speed, is provided. The method includes: calculating terrain data based on a terrain scan image of the route acquired by a terrain scanner of the working vehicle; calculating the optimal driving speed according to the calculated terrain data; generating a driving control signal controlling the working vehicle to be driven on the route at the calculated optimal driving speed; calculating a vibration value of the working vehicle being driven on the route at the calculated optimal driving speed based on a sensing value acquired by a sensor of the working vehicle; adjusting the calculated optimal driving speed according to the calculated vibration value; and regenerating a driving control signal controlling the working vehicle to be driven on the route at the adjusted optimal driving speed.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method and an apparatus for estimating multiple-ranking using pairwise comparative data, the method according to one embodiment comprising the steps of: inputting information for pairwise comparative data as input; and generating multiple-ranking data on the basis of the input data, wherein the input data comprises a collection of a plurality of respondents, a collection of a plurality of items, and a collection of a plurality of pairwise comparative data for the plurality of items, and each item of pairwise comparative data in the plurality of same is data indicating the preference between two items determined in accordance with an evaluation criterion from among a plurality of evaluation criteria.

Abstract: Provided are a cruise control system and method for an autonomous apparatus having a Light Detection and Ranging (LIDAR) device. The cruise control system is implemented by at least one hardware processor and includes an input unit configured to receive scanning information from the LIDAR device, the scanning information related to peripheral environment of the autonomous apparatus; and a main controller configured to determine a scannable region of the peripheral environment and an unscannable region of the peripheral environment based on the scanning information, and to generate obstacle information by detecting a first sunken region in the scannable region and a second sunken region in the unscannable region.

Abstract: A method of controlling a driving speed, which controls a working vehicle at a remote location to be driven on a route at an optical driving speed, is provided. The method includes: calculating terrain data based on a terrain scan image of the route acquired by a terrain scanner of the working vehicle; calculating the optimal driving speed according to the calculated terrain data; generating a driving control signal controlling the working vehicle to be driven on the route at the calculated optimal driving speed; calculating a vibration value of the working vehicle being driven on the route at the calculated optimal driving speed based on a sensing value acquired by a sensor of the working vehicle; adjusting the calculated optimal driving speed according to the calculated vibration value; and regenerating a driving control signal controlling the working vehicle to be driven on the route at the adjusted optimal driving speed.

Abstract: Provided are a cruise control system and method for an autonomous apparatus having a Light Detection and Ranging (LIDAR) device. The cruise control system is implemented by at least one hardware processor and includes an input unit configured to receive scanning information from the LIDAR device, the scanning information related to peripheral environment of the autonomous apparatus; and a main controller configured to determine a scannable region of the peripheral environment and an unscannable region of the peripheral environment based on the scanning information, and to generate obstacle information by detecting a first sunken region in the scannable region and a second sunken region in the unscannable region.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method and an apparatus for estimating multiple-ranking using pairwise comparative data, the method according to one embodiment comprising the steps of: inputting information for pairwise comparative data as input; and generating multiple-ranking data on the basis of the input data, wherein the input data comprises a collection of a plurality of respondents, a collection of a plurality of items, and a collection of a plurality of pairwise comparative data for the plurality of items, and each item of pairwise comparative data in the plurality of same is data indicating the preference between two items determined in accordance with an evaluation criterion from among a plurality of evaluation criteria.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are an apparatus and a method for generating a multi-level test case for testing software from a unified modeling language (UML) sequence diagram (SD) based on a multiple condition control flow graph (MCCFG). The apparatus includes: a UML SD metamodel storing unit storing a UML SD metamodel defined for a model to be converted therein; an MCCFG metamodel storing unit storing an MCCFG metamodel; a model converting unit model-converting the UML SD from which the test case is to be generated according to the UML SD metamodel and the MCCFG metamodel to generate the MCCFG; and a coverage criteria unit converting the MCCFG into a tree structure and then converting the tree structure into test cases according to a selection command.

Abstract: Provided is a method for structuring hardware information in computer system, including: modeling Target Independent Model (TIM), which is independent from a hardware; structuring hardware information based on Meta Object Facility (MOF)-Hardware Component Modeling Language (HCML); and transforming the TIM into a Target Specification Model, which depends on the hardware, based on the structured hardware information and the model transformation language, wherein the step of structuring hardware information based on Meta Object Facility (MOF)-Hardware Component Modeling Language (HCML), comprises: defining a MOF-based Hardware Component Modeling Language (HCML) meta-model; and defining a model by using a meta-model of the HCML and representing architecture information on the model.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a battery pack having a plurality of battery cells electrically connected to each other, the battery cells being chargeable and dischargeable, wherein the battery pack includes two or more kinds of battery groups having different capacities or sizes, wherein each of the battery groups includes two or more battery cells having the same capacity or size, the battery cells in each of the battery groups are connected in series to each other, and the battery cells between the battery groups are connected in parallel to each other.

Abstract: A gear train of an automatic transmission for vehicles realizes at least eight forward speeds and two reverse speeds by combining three simple planetary gear sets with four clutches and two brakes. In addition, two friction elements are operated at each shift-speed. Therefore, the gear train has advantages of simplifying structures of the automatic transmission and improving power delivery performance and fuel economy.

Abstract: Provided is a method for structuring hardware information in computer system, including: modeling Target Independent Model (TIM), which is independent from a hardware; structuring hardware information based on Meta Object Facility (MOF)-Hardware Component Modeling Language (HCML); and transforming the TIM into a Target Specification Model, which depends on the hardware, based on the structured hardware information and the model transformation language, wherein the step of structuring hardware information based on Meta Object Facility (MOF)-Hardware Component Modeling Language (HCML), comprises: defining a MOF-based Hardware Component Modeling Language (HCML) meta-model; and defining a model by using a meta-model of the HCML and representing architecture information on the model.

Abstract: A gear train of an automatic transmission realizes at least ten forward speeds and one reverse speed by combining four simple planetary gear sets with four clutches and two brakes. In addition, three friction elements are operated at each shift-speed. Therefore, the gear train has advantages of simplifying structures of the automatic transmission and improving power delivery performance and fuel economy.

Abstract: A gear train of an automatic transmission includes eight forward speeds and two reverse speeds to improve power delivery performance and to reduce fuel consumption, by controlling two simple planetary gear sets and one compound planetary gear set through four clutches and two brakes.

Abstract: A gear train of an automatic transmission realizes at least ten forward speeds and one reverse speed by combining four simple planetary gear sets with four clutches and two brakes. In addition, three friction elements are operated at each shift-speed. Therefore, the gear train has advantages of simplifying structures of the automatic transmission and improving power delivery performance and fuel economy.

Abstract: A gear train of an automatic transmission for vehicles realizes at least eight forward speeds and two reverse speeds by combining three simple planetary gear sets with four clutches and two brakes. In addition, two friction elements are operated at each shift-speed. Therefore, the gear train has advantages of simplifying structures of the automatic transmission and improving power delivery performance and fuel economy.

Abstract: A gear train of an automatic transmission for vehicles has two simple planetary gear sets and one compound planetary gear set with four clutches and three brakes to achieve ten forward speeds and three reverse speeds.

Abstract: The present invention provides gear train of an automatic transmission for a vehicle having a first planetary gear set being a double pinion planetary gear set, a second planetary gear set being a single pinion planetary gear set, a third planetary gear set being a Ravigneaux planetary gear set, with five clutches and two brakes, which realizes ten forward speeds and three reverse speeds.

Abstract: A gear train of an automatic transmission for a vehicle includes two simple planetary gear sets and one compound planetary gear set, four clutches, and three brakes and realizes ten forward speeds and one reverse speed so that power delivery performance may be improved and fuel consumption may be reduced.