Abstract: Embodiments of present invention provide a method of forming a MRAM structure. The method includes forming at least one magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ) stack on top of a supporting structure; forming a conformal liner surrounding a sidewall of the MTJ stack; forming a first dielectric layer surrounding the conformal liner; selectively forming a metal oxide layer on top of the conformal liner and the first dielectric layer, the metal oxide layer having at least a first opening that exposes a top surface of the MTJ stack; and forming a top contact contacting the top surface of the MTJ stack through the first opening in the metal oxide layer. An MRAM structure formed thereby is also provided.

Abstract: A cholesteric liquid crystal display device includes a first substrate, a second substrate, a third substrate, a first cholesteric liquid crystal layer, a second cholesteric liquid crystal layer, a first common electrode pattern layer, a second common electrode pattern layer, and a first TFT circuit pattern layer and the second TFT circuit pattern layer. The first cholesteric liquid crystal layer is disposed between the first substrate and the second substrate. The second cholesteric liquid crystal layer is disposed between the second substrate and the third substrate. The first common electrode pattern layer is disposed on the first substrate. The second common electrode pattern layer is disposed on the third substrate. The first TFT circuit pattern layer and the second TFT circuit pattern layer are respectively disposed on two opposite surfaces of the second substrate. The first TFT circuit pattern layer and the second TFT circuit pattern layer are arranged correspondingly.

Abstract: A cholesterol liquid crystal display device includes a liquid crystal display panel and a liquid crystal driving unit. The liquid crystal display panel has a plurality of pixels. The liquid crystal driving unit applies row driving voltages and column driving voltages to a designated pixel according to the input signal. After the input signal is transmitted, the liquid crystal driving unit activates the power-down signal within a certain period of time to reduce the row driving voltage and the column driving voltage applied to the specified pixel. Thereby, the crosstalk phenomenon on the cholesteric liquid crystal display device can be improved.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a driving method of a cholesteric liquid crystal display. It includes the steps in the following: driving each scan line by a dynamic driving scheme (DDS) including an Evolution phase; refreshing a frame of the cholesteric liquid crystal display by a full refresh mode, each scan line driven N times during the Evolution phase in the full refresh mode; and refreshing a part of the frame by a partial-refresh mode, each scan line driven M times in the Evolution phase in the partial-refresh mode, wherein M is greater than N.

Abstract: A semiconductor structure is presented including a first memory array and a second memory array directly connected to the first memory array by nanosheet stacks and backside contacts. The first and second memory arrays collectively define a double-sided memory array on a complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) wafer. The nanosheet stacks separate the first memory array from the second memory array so that two different types of memory devices are integrated together into a single CMOS chip.

Abstract: A cholesteric liquid crystal (ChLC) display and driving method thereof are provided. The ChLC display has a driving circuit for providing voltage on a scan line and a data line so as to drive a pixel. The driving circuit provides a first voltage and a second voltage to the data and the scan lines during a first time period, a third voltage to the data line and/or a fourth voltage to the scan line during a second time period, a fifth voltage and a sixth voltage to the data and the scan lines during a third time period. The first and sixth voltages are high levels, the second and fifth voltages are low levels, the levels of the third and fourth voltages are between the high and low levels.

Abstract: A cholesteric liquid crystal display device includes a solar cell, a first substrate, a shielding layer, a first electrode layer, a cholesteric liquid crystal layer, a second electrode layer and a second substrate stacked sequentially from bottom to top. The solar cell includes a metal wiring pattern layer. The shielding layer corresponds to the upper side of the metal wiring pattern layer, and is used to reduce the reflection of light from the metal circuit pattern layer. In this way, the cholesteric liquid crystal display device replaces the traditional black absorbing layer with the black material of the solar cell, which can not only absorb light, but also display the image with self-sustaining power. The cholesteric liquid crystal display device shields the arrangement of the metal wiring pattern layer through the shielding layer, which can ensure the image quality of the display panel.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a driving method of a cholesteric liquid crystal display. It includes the steps in the following: driving each scan line by a dynamic driving scheme (DDS) including an Evolution phase; refreshing a frame of the cholesteric liquid crystal display by a full refresh mode, each scan line driven N times during the Evolution phase in the full refresh mode; and refreshing a part of the frame by a partial-refresh mode, each scan line driven M times in the Evolution phase in the partial-refresh mode, wherein M is greater than N.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a cholesteric liquid crystal display, a micro processing unit, and a method for hybrid driving. The cholesteric liquid crystal display comprises a display panel and a micro processing unit. First, a grayscale threshold value needs to be set in advance. The micro processing unit will change the grayscale value of the display unit exceeding the grayscale threshold value to the new grayscale value displayed by the bright state color, and display the image by the DDS driving mode. Then the micro processing unit drives the display image in the PWM drive mode, which can greatly improve the color level and contrast display effect of the image.

Abstract: A cholesteric liquid crystal display device includes a first substrate, a solar cell, a shielding layer, a first electrode layer, a cholesteric liquid crystal layer, a second electrode layer and a second substrate stacked sequentially from bottom to top. The solar cell includes a metal wiring pattern layer. The shielding layer corresponds to the upper side of the metal wiring pattern layer, and is used to reduce the reflection of light from the metal circuit pattern layer. In this way, the cholesteric liquid crystal display device replaces the traditional black absorbing layer with the black material of the solar cell, which can not only absorb light, but also display the image with self-sustaining power. The cholesteric liquid crystal display device shields the arrangement of the metal wiring pattern layer through the shielding layer, which can ensure the image quality of the display panel.

Abstract: A cholesteric liquid crystal display device includes a solar cell, a first substrate, a shielding layer, a first electrode layer, a cholesteric liquid crystal layer, a second electrode layer and a second substrate stacked sequentially from bottom to top. The solar cell includes a metal wiring pattern layer. The shielding layer corresponds to the upper side of the metal wiring pattern layer, and is used to reduce the reflection of light from the metal circuit pattern layer. In this way, the cholesteric liquid crystal display device replaces the traditional black absorbing layer with the black material of the solar cell, which can not only absorb light, but also display the image with self-sustaining power. The cholesteric liquid crystal display device shields the arrangement of the metal wiring pattern layer through the shielding layer, which can ensure the image quality of the display panel.

Abstract: A cholesteric liquid crystal display device and a driving method for improving non-uniform image quality of the cholesteric liquid crystal display device. The cholesteric liquid crystal display device includes a cholesteric liquid crystal display panel and a liquid crystal drive unit. The cholesteric liquid crystal display panel is composed of multiple row circuit structures and multiple column circuit structures. The liquid crystal driving unit sequentially outputs column driving voltages to a plurality of column circuit structures in a scanning manner. After scanning the multiple column circuit structures, the liquid crystal driving unit applies an unselected voltage to the multiple column circuit structures together with more than 18 times the scanning unit time course, so as to make the brightness of the overall picture more uniform.

Abstract: A cholesteric liquid crystal display device and a control method for reducing inrush current when clearing the screen. The cholesteric liquid crystal display device includes a cholesteric liquid crystal display panel and a liquid crystal drive unit. The cholesteric liquid crystal display panel has a plurality of pixel matrix. After the liquid crystal drive unit receives a data latch enable signal, it applies a reset voltage to the plurality of pixel matrix to clear the screen displayed on the cholesteric liquid crystal display panel. The input time of the data latch enable signal received by the liquid crystal driving unit is different, and the corresponding signal time portion is shifted with each other.

Abstract: A cholesterol liquid crystal display device includes a liquid crystal display panel and a liquid crystal driving unit. The liquid crystal display panel has a plurality of pixels. The liquid crystal driving unit applies row driving voltages and column driving voltages to a designated pixel according to the input signal. After the input signal is transmitted, the liquid crystal driving unit activates the power-down signal within a certain period of time to reduce the row driving voltage and the column driving voltage applied to the specified pixel. Thereby, the crosstalk phenomenon on the cholesteric liquid crystal display device can be improved.

Abstract: An electronic device and a manufacturing method thereof are disclosed. The manufacturing method of an electronic device includes following steps: forming a flexible substrate on a rigid carrier plate; forming at least a thin-film device on the flexible substrate; forming a conductive line on the flexible substrate, wherein the conductive line is electrically connected with the thin-film device; forming at least an electrical connection pad on the flexible substrate, wherein the electrical connection pad is electrically connected with the conductive line, and the thickness of the electrical connection pad is between 2 and 20 microns; disposing at least a surface-mount device (SMD) on the flexible substrate, wherein the SMD is electrically connected with the thin-film device through the electrical connection pad and the conductive line; and removing the rigid carrier plate.

Abstract: An electronic device and a manufacturing method thereof are disclosed. The manufacturing method of an electronic device includes following steps: forming a flexible substrate on a rigid carrier plate; forming at least a thin-film device on the flexible substrate; forming a conductive line on the flexible substrate, wherein the conductive line is electrically connected with the thin-film device; forming at least an electrical connection pad on the flexible substrate, wherein the electrical connection pad is electrically connected with the conductive line, and the thickness of the electrical connection pad is between 2 and 20 microns; disposing at least a surface-mount device (SMD) on the flexible substrate, wherein the SMD is electrically connected with the thin-film device through the electrical connection pad and the conductive line; and removing the rigid carrier plate.

Abstract: A pixel circuit includes a lighting element, a driving signal generating unit and a switching unit. The driving signal generating unit compares a data signal with a reference signal so as to generate a PWM driving signal. The status of the PWM driving signal is determined according to the comparing result of the data signal and the reference signal. The switching unit is electrically connected to a power source and the lighting element, and generates a driving current to drive the lighting element to emit light according to the PWM driving signal.

Abstract: A light emitting apparatus receives an external power. A switching unit is electrically connected with a light emitting unit to form a serial circuit. A first electrical connection element is electrically connected with the external power and the light emitting unit. A second electrical connection element is electrically connected with the external power and the switching unit. A sensing unit is electrically connected with the first electrical connection element, the second electrical connection element and the switching unit. When filament currents flow between two electrical input terminals of the first electrical connection element and between two electrical input terminals of the second electrical connection element, the sensing unit controls the switching unit to turn on to enable the light emitting unit to receive the external power and start to emit light. Thus, users can avoid the risk of electric shock when installing the light emitting apparatus.

Abstract: A display apparatus comprises a substrate, a plurality of scan lines, a plurality of data lines crossing the scan lines on the substrate, a plurality of light emitting units disposed in a display area of the substrate and at least a control integrated circuit (IC) chip. The control IC chip is disposed within the display area of the substrate and electrically connected to at least one of the scan lines and at least one of the data lines. The light emitting units are electrically connected to at least one of the control IC chip, which is controlled by at least one of the scan lines and receives a data signal from at least one of the data lines to control the luminous states of the light emitting units according to the data signal.

Abstract: A light emitting device is electrically connected to a three-phase AC power source and comprises three light emitting modules. The light emitting modules respectively receives three phase power sources of the three-phase AC power source. Each of the light emitting modules includes a light emitting unit and a control circuit electrically connected to the light emitting unit. Each of the control circuits controls the light output power of the corresponding light emitting unit according to the voltage variation or phase variation of the received phase power source, and the three light emitting modules are collectively kept a stable gross light output power.