Abstract: The structure, method of fabrication and uses of enclosed double plate heat transfer panels with prefabricated main panel bodies are introduced. In most applications, a pane is used to conduct a gas-liquid interaction such as vaporization, condesation, gas absorption, gas description, endothermic and exothermic chemical reactions inside while having a heat interaction with a fluid outside that undergoes a complementary operation. A panel (41) incorporates one or more of the following key features:(a) It comprises a prefabricated main body (42) and two reinforced mainfold conduits (47) and (49) welded to the main panel body by welds (45).(b) It has nozzles (48) for applying a liquid film inside the panel.(c) The inside surfaces (51) are textured to improve wettability and drainage.

Abstract: The invention is a method with equipments for conducting the solid-liquid-vapor multiple phase transformation steps of processes such as vacuum freezing, wet distillative freezing, vacuum crystallization and primary refrigerant eutectic freezing. All these processes require simultaneous vaporization and crystallization. The invented method for conducting this common step consists of (1) distributing the solution over a rotating surface area to form liquid films (2) subjecting the liquid films to simultaneous vaporization and crystallization (3) removing the crystals from the surfaces and (4) transporting the crystals to the next processing zone. The surfaces can be rotating screws with intermeshing flights or a sets of disks on rotating shafts. The screws are partially submerged in the solution. Elements of the screws are wetted when they are rotated into the pool.

Abstract: A process of separating a multi-component liquid mixture containing n major components by forming crystals of m components, denoted as m crystallizing components, in a crystallization zone, denoted as a first processing zone, having k crystallization sub-zones, the value of m being equal to or greater than 2 and equal to or less than n, the value of k being equal to or greater than 1 and equal to or less than m, comprising a first step of crystallizing the m components in the k crystallization sub-zones to form a first condensed mass and a second step of vaporizing a mass of the volatile component(s) from the liquid mixture to form a first vapor in each sub-zone under a first pressure that is lower than the eutectic pressure defined as the equilibrium pressure at which the m solid phases and the liquid mixture co-exist with a vapor phase containing the volatile component(s), wherein the said first step and the second step are conducted simultaneously so that at least a major fraction of the heat released in S

Abstract: A cellular air bag insulator and its uses in insulating a house window, a house door, a house wall and a process equipment, such as an evaporator, a refrigerator and a distillation column. A cellular air bag insulator can also be used as an instant shelter and can also be incorporated into an insulated panel. A cellular air bag insulator is a light weight insulator and comprises an outer enclosed bag and an expansible and collapsible multicompartment core such as a honeycomb structure joined to the outer bag. It can easily be inflated and deflated.

Abstract: The invention introduces a cellular air bag insulator and its uses in insulating a house window, a house door, a house wall and process equipment, such as an evaporator, a refrigerator and a distillation column. A cellular air bag insulator is a light weight insulator and comprises an outer enclosed bag and an expansible and collapsible multicompartment core such as a honeycomb structure joined to the outer bag. It can easily be inflated and deflated. When it is inflated, multitude of horizontal air compartments in multilayers are formed in the bag to provide a high resistance to heat transfer through the bag by reducing convective flow of air within the bag and by requiring the heat to pass through the multilayers of air compartments. When it is deflated, it occupies a rather small volume and can be rolled up or folded into a compact form that is convenient to handle and store.