Abstract: Provided are an electrode and a preparation method and use thereof. The electrode includes a modified anode and a modified cathode, where the modified anode includes an anode and a first hydrophobic porous layer coated on a surface of the anode, and the modified cathode includes a current collector, a carbon catalysis layer attached to a surface of the current collector, and a second hydrophobic porous layer attached to a surface of the carbon catalysis layer. A material of the first hydrophobic porous layer and a material of the second hydrophobic porous layer are independently at least one selected from the group consisting of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), polyacrylonitrile (PAN), polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), polypropylene (PP), polyethylene (PE), and polysulfone (PSF).

Abstract: An efficient and economical method for synthesizing Fasudil hydrochloride includes the synthesis route starts with inexpensive and readily available ethylenediamine as the starting material, obtains intermediate tert butyl-(N-(2-aminoethyl)-5-isoquinoline sulfonamide) carbamate (5) through sulfonylation and Boc protection, and then obtains Fasudil hydrochloride through a stacking process, which includes four steps: nucleophilic substitution, deprotection, cyclization, and salt formation. The total yield of Fasudil hydrochloride (1) is 67.1%, with a purity of up to 99.94%. Compared with traditional processes, the route avoids the use of expensive homopiperazine and its derivatives as synthetic intermediates. The advantages of the process include cheap and easy to obtain raw materials, simple operation, low cost, environmental friendliness, and suitability for industrial production.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a method and a system for efficient and selective recovery of a ferric phosphate product from a leachate. The method includes the following steps: adjusting a pH value of a phosphorus-containing leachate to obtain an acidic phosphorus-containing leachate, heating the acidic phosphorus-containing leachate, adding an iron salt to precipitate a phosphorus element in the acidic phosphorus-containing leachate in the form of a ferric phosphate hydrate, and recovering an obtained ferric phosphate hydrate precipitate. In the present disclosure, production of a phosphorus product requires a certain amount of iron element added into the leachate. Iron widely distributed on the earth is low in cost and easily available, thereby facilitating large-scale applications of the method. An initial leachate after acid leaching shows acidic, and only a slight pH adjustment is required to achieve a target pH value of the leachate.

Abstract: A method of providing fouling control in a membrane system includes generating a sacrificial protective layer (PL) on a surface of a membrane of the membrane system by coating the membrane with at least one polyelectrolyte layer, removing the PL from the membrane with a saline solution after the PL is fouled, and regenerating a new PL on the surface of the membrane by coating the membrane with at least one polyelectrolyte layer such that foulants present in a feed water accumulate on the PL, rather than on the membrane. The method further comprises one or more of the following: a) the saline solution is being applied with a shear force; b) the pH value of the saline solution is substantially neutral; c) the saline solution is non-toxic; d) the PL is removed without a backwash; e) the PL is not an active filtration layer, wherein a pore size of the PL is greater than a pore size of the membrane; and/or f) the PL is not disposed in pores of the membrane.

Abstract: Thermally regenerative ammonia-based battery systems and methods of their use to produce electricity are provided according to aspects described herein in which ammonia is added into an anolyte to charge the battery, producing potential between the electrodes. At the anode, metal corrosion occurs in the ammonia solution to form an amine complex of the corresponding metal, while reduction of the same metal occurs at the cathode. After the discharge of electrical power produced, ammonia is separated from the anolyte which changes the former anolyte to catholyte, and previous anode to cathode by deposition of the metal. When ammonia is added to the former catholyte to make it as anolyte, the previous cathode becomes the anode. This alternating corrosion/deposition cycle allows the metal of the electrodes to be maintained in closed-loop cycles, and waste heat energy is converted to electricity by regeneration of ammonia, such as by distillation.

Abstract: Thermally regenerative ammonia-based battery systems and methods of their use to produce electricity are provided according to aspects described herein in which ammonia is added into an anolyte to charge the battery, producing potential between the electrodes. At the anode, metal corrosion occurs in the ammonia solution to form an ammine complex of the corresponding metal, while reduction of the same metal occurs at the cathode. After the discharge of electrical power produced, ammonia is separated from the anolyte which changes the former anolyte to catholyte, and previous anode to cathode by deposition of the metal. When ammonia is added to the former catholyte to make it as anolyte, the previous cathode becomes the anode. This alternating corrosion/deposition cycle allows the metal of the electrodes to be maintained in closed-loop cycles, and waste heat energy is converted to electricity by regeneration of ammonia, such as by distillation.