Abstract: There is provided a composition comprising tannin containing hydroxyl groups which has been (a) chemically modified by reaction of at least one of said hydroxyl groups with at least one member selected from the group consisting of an esterification agent (e.g. acetic anhydride), etherification agent (e.g. dichloromethane or quaternary organic amine such as N-(3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl) trimethyl ammonium chloride) to form the corresponding ester, or ether, through said hydroxyl group, and (b) derivatized. The chemically modified tannin is derivatized by reaction with aldehyhde (e.g. formaldehyde), or aldehyde and at least one member selected from the group consisting of ammonia and organic amine containing at least one primary or secondary nitrogen (e.g. cyclohexyl amine); said derivatized tannin being water soluble or dispersable at a pH below 7 and water insoluble at a pH above 7.

Abstract: There is provided a composition comprising tannin containing hydroxyl groups which has been (a) chemically modified by reaction of at least one of said hydroxyl groups with at least one member selected from the group consisting of an esterification agent (e.g. acetic anhydride), etherification agent (e.g. dichloromethane or quaternary organic amine such as N-(3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl) trimethyl ammonium chloride) to form the corresponding ester, or ether, through said hydroxyl group, and (b) derivatized. The chemically modified tannin is derivatized by reaction with aldehyhde (e.g. formaldehyde), or aldehyde and at least one member selected from the group consisting of ammonia and organic amine containing at least one primary or secondary nitrogen (e.g. cyclohexyl amine); said derivatized tannin being water soluble or dispersable at a pH below 7 and water insoluble at a pH above 7.

Abstract: There is provided a composition comprising tannin containing hydroxyl groups which has been (a) chemically modified by reaction of at least one of said hydroxyl groups with at least one member selected from the group consisting of an esterification agent (e.g. acetic anhydride), etherification agent (e.g. dichloromethane or quaternary organic amine such as N-(3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl) trimethyl ammonium chloride) to form the corresponding ester, or ether, through said hydroxyl group, and (b) derivatized. The chemically modified tannin is derivatized by reaction with aldehyhde (e.g. formaldehyde), or aldehyde and at least one member selected from the group consisting of ammonia and organic amine containing at least one primary or secondary nitrogen (e.g. cyclohexyl amine); said derivatized tannin being water soluble or dispersable at a pH below 7 and water insoluble at a pH above 7.

Abstract: Phosphate esters including polymers are produced by mixing polyols, such as glycerol, with phosphoric acid material followed by heating under reduced pressure in the presence of inorganic base to temperatures of from about 135.degree. to 165.degree. C. By maintaining reactants under subatmospheric conditions, water is removed as formed. The products have utility as scale suppressant additives to water used in heat exchange and cooling tower applications.

Abstract: Phosphate esters including polymers are produced by mixing polyols, such as glycerol, with phosphoric acid material followed by heating under reduced pressures in the presence of inorganic base to temperatures of from about 135.degree. to 165.degree. C. By maintaining reactants under subatmospheric conditions, water is removed as formed. The products have utility as scale suppressant additives to water used in heat exchange and cooling tower applications.

Abstract: Novel ionene polymers are formed by the Mannich reaction of an aromatic molcule having an electron withdrawing group with a lower aliphatic aldehyde and a lower aliphatic secondary amine followed by polymerizing the Manniched derivative by the use of chain extenders from the group of di-functional condensation monomers consisting of epihalohydrins and 1,4-dihalobutene-2. Additionally, the polymers may be prepared by substituting some or all of the secondary amines above with a primary amine and quaternizing the resultant polymers formed to increase the molecular weight of the product.The products of this invention have utility as polymers useful for water clarification and as emulsion breakers for water-in-oil or oil-in-water emulsions.These polymers and their quaternary salts have also a special utility here as an electroconductive coating which, when applied to paper specially as a substrate, produce an electroconductive surface adapted for electrographic printing.