Abstract: A method and system for evaluating a colored gem stone which has been cooled to below a designated temperature are provided. The system includes a cooling unit configured to support and cool a gem stone to below a desired temperature, an electromagnetic radiation source, a spectrometer, an integrating sphere, and a processing unit. The method includes receiving a spectral response of the colored gem stone and sampling a noise component within a range of wavelengths in the spectral response so as to make a baseline determination. The method further includes ascertaining a presence of at least one designated peak within the range of wavelengths as a function of the baseline determination, and evaluating the presence of each of the at least one designated peaks so as to provide an indication of whether the colored gem stone requires further evaluation.

Abstract: A cooling apparatus includes a container configured to contain a coolant within a space. The apparatus further includes a cooling block positioned substantially within the space and having a high heat capacity such that the space not occupied by the cooling block is filled with a coolant to a level at or below the top of the cooling block, and a placement structure having high thermal conductivity positioned on top of the cooling block and outside of the space. A method for cooling an object is also provided, which includes inserting a coolant into a container configured to contain the coolant within a space, and placing the object on a placement structure outside the space. For this method, the placement structure has a high thermal conductivity and is coupled to a cooling block, the cooling block having a high heat capacity and positioned substantially within the space. A two-stage cooling apparatus and method is also described.

Abstract: Methods and materials for modulating heat tolerance levels in plants are disclosed. For example, nucleic acids encoding heat tolerance-modulating polypeptides are disclosed as well a methods for using such nucleic acids to transform plant cells. Also disclosed are plants having increased heat tolerance levels and plant products produced from plants having increased heat tolerance levels.

Abstract: Methods and materials for modulating abscission and/or inflorescence development time levels in plants are disclosed. For example, nucleic acids encoding abscission and/or inflorescence development time-modulating polypeptides are disclosed as well as methods for using such nucleic acids to transform plant cells. Also disclosed are plants having modulated abscission and/or inflorescence development time levels and plant products produced from plants having such levels.

Abstract: The present invention relates to isolated nucleic acid molecules and their corresponding encoded polypeptides able to confer the trait of altered flowering time in plants. The present invention further relates to using the nucleic acid molecules and polypeptides to make transgenic plants, plant cells, plant materials or seeds of a plant having flowering times that are altered with respect to wild-type plants grown under similar conditions. Altered flowering time includes both plants having an early flowering time and a late flowering time with respect to wild-type plants grown under similar conditions. Flowering time in plants may be altered either with respect to the normal time at which wild-type plants flower within their normal life cycle or altered temporally such that the entire life cycle of the plant is accelerated or prolonged using the nucleic acid molecules and polypeptides of the present invention.

Abstract: Methods for the racemization of an enantiomer of a 2,3-benzodiazepine molecule into the corresponding racemic mixture under either basic or acidic conditions are described. Furthermore, the invention relates to the conversion of an enantiomer of tofisopam or its metabolites to the corresponding opposite enantiomer.

Abstract: In a process for preparing pentostatin, the improvement wherein reduction is performed on ketone prior to deprotection, comprising: a) reacting 3-(2-deoxy-3,5-di-O-p-toluoyl-b-D-erythro-pentofuranosyl)-6,7-dihydroimidazol [4,5-d][1,3] diazepin-8 (3H)-one with a ruthenium catalyst formed by the reaction of di-?-chlorobis[(p-cymene) chlororuthenium (II) and N-(arylsulfonyl)-1,2-diarylethylene diamine in a solvent; b) stopping the reaction in step a) by making the reaction medium alkaline; c) separating the mixture from step b) into combined organic layers and washing the reaction product from the combined organic layers with water, filtering, and evaporating solvent to provide a crude product, wherein the ratio of 8R vs 8S isomeric alcohol >100; d) purifying said crude product by chromatography; e) deprotecting the keto nucleoside in the crude product in methanol/sodium methoxide to obtain pentostatin; and f) purifying by recrystallizing pentostatin from methanol to remove inorganic and isomeric impurities.

Abstract: Methods for the racemization of an enantiomer of a 2,3-benzodiazepine molecule into the corresponding racemic mixture under either basic or acidic conditions are described. Furthermore, the invention relates to the conversion of an enantiomer of tofisopam or its metabolites to the corresponding opposite enantiomer.

Abstract: The present invention provides novel compounds represented by formula I: or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof useful for treating flaviviridae viral infection.

Abstract: The present invention provides novel compounds represented by formula I: or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof useful for treating Flaviviridae viral infection.

Abstract: The present invention provides novel compounds represented by formula I: or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof useful for treating flaviviridae viral infection.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel oxo-aminotetralin compounds of the formula (I) wherein X, R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, and R6 are defined herein. The compounds of formula (I) are useful in pain management.

Abstract: The present invention provides novel compounds represented by formula I: 1

Abstract: the present invention provides novel compounds represented by formula I: 1

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel thio-aminotetralin compounds of the formula (I) wherein Z, X, R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, and R6 are defined herein. The compounds are useful in pain management.

Abstract: This invention relates to novel opioid peptides for the treatment of pain as well as a method for the preparation thereof and pharmaceutically acceptable compositions comprising these peptides. The invention also relates to methods for controlling pain in patients using compositions of the invention and the use of said compounds in the preparation of formulations effective in pain treatment. The peptides of this invention have a high degree of selectivity for the &mgr;-opioid receptor. The peptides of the present invention are particularly well-suited as analgesic agents acting substantially on peripheral &mgr;-opioid receptors. Because these peptides act peripherally, they substantially avoid producing side effects normally associated with central analgesic action.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to compounds that act as analgesics and that have the structure of formula (I): ##STR1## wherein; Z is ##STR2## wherein, n is 1 or 2, and R.sub.0 is C.sub.6-12 aryl or C.sub.7-8 aralkyl; orR.sub.1 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen; --NH--C.sub.1-6 alkyl; C.sub.1-6 alkyl; C.sub.6-12 aryl; C.sub.7-18 aralkyl; arginyl; and R.sub.30 NHC(.dbd.NH)--, wherein R.sub.30 is hydrogen, C.sub.6-12 aryl, C.sub.7-18 aralkyl, or C.sub.1-6 alkyl;R.sub.2 is hydrogen; C.sub.1-6 alkyl; or OH;R.sub.3 is C.sub.6-12 aryl; C.sub.7-18 aralkyl; --CH.sub.2 --C.sub.6 H.sub.2 R.sub.8 R.sub.9 ;or --CH.sub.2 --OHC.sub.6 HR.sub.8 R.sub.9, wherein each of R.sub.8 and R.sub.9 is independently, or hydrogen;R.sub.4 C.sub.6-12 aryl; C.sub.7-18 aralkyl; C.sub.1-12 alkyl; or a substituted or unsubstituted cyclohexyl;R.sub.5 is C.sub.1-6 alkyl; hydrogen; OH; halogen; SH; NO.sub.2 ; NH.sub.2 ; --NH--C.sub.1-6 alkyl; NH.sub.2 C (.dbd.NH--; NH.sub.2 C (.dbd.NH)--NH--; COOR.sub.31, wherein, R.sub.

Abstract: This invention relates to a naphthoquinone derivatives, to processes and to intermediates for preparing these derivatives, to pharmaceutical composition and to the use of these derivatives as antitumor agents in mammals.

Abstract: This invention relates to a naphthoquinone derivatives, to processes and to intermediates for preparing these derivatives, to pharmaceutical composition and to the use of these derivatives as antitumor agents in mammals.

Abstract: Novel pyrano heterocyclic anthracycline derivatives are described, which are useful in the treatment of cancer and tumors, such as breast cancer, leukemia, lung cancer, colon cancer, ovarian cancer, renal cancer, and melanoma. As well, these compounds may be used ex vivo for the treatment of cancerous bone marrow before retransplanting said marrow in a patient. Pharmaceutical compositions and methods of preparing the compounds are also described.