Abstract: A method comprises non-destructive contact-free physical characterization of a sample by repeated excitations of the surface of a sample with a sequence of pulses comprising at least one pump pulse by a first “pump” laser followed by a succession of L temporarily offset pulses by a second “probe” laser, and the analysis of the beam emitted by the surface of the sample by an activated photodetector, for the acquisition of signals delivered by the photodetectors during constant time windows.

Abstract: A battery made up of nickel-cadmium cells includes an indicator for displaying a state of charge comprising sensors for performing continuous measurements of voltage and current and of temperature of the battery, a memory storing at least a history of charge/discharge, a predefined reference voltage, current and temperature, and the measurements and history determined, and a control unit for determining an operation mode of the battery and determining a correction to be applied to the voltage and current measured, calculating a theoretically available capacity of the battery depending on the operating mode and the correction, determining a need for recalibration of the theoretically available capacity of the battery enabling a capacity actually available of the battery to be calculated, and based on the capacity actually available, defining the state of charge of the battery.

Abstract: Leaktight box for alkaline electrolyte battery, comprising an assembly of metal plates, where: a first and a second plate overlap in a zone of overlap and are assembled with rivets each comprising a head, a stem and a bulb; the stem of the rivets is deformed in such a way as to occupy in a leaktight manner substantially all of the volume of said holes of the first and second plates; preferably an elastomer seal comprising a material chosen from among a butyl rubber, an ethylene-propylene-diene terpolymer and a nitrile rubber, where said seal is disposed in continuity with the overlap zone in continuous contact with the first and the second plate in such a way as to complete the leaktightness of the box.

Abstract: A battery made up of nickel-cadmium cells includes an indicator for displaying a state of charge comprising sensors for performing continuous measurements of voltage and current and of temperature of the battery, a memory storing at least a history of charge/discharge, a predefined reference voltage, current and temperature, and the measurements and history determined, and a control unit for determining an operation mode of the battery and determining a correction to be applied to the voltage and current measured, calculating a theoretically available capacity of the battery depending on the operating mode and the correction, determining a need for recalibration of the theoretically available capacity of the battery enabling a capacity actually available of the battery to be calculated, and based on the capacity actually available, defining the state of charge of the battery.

Abstract: Leaktight box for alkaline electrolyte battery, comprising an assembly of metal plates, where: a first and a second plate overlap in a zone of overlap and are assembled with rivets each comprising a head, a stem and a bulb; the stem of the rivets is deformed in such a way as to occupy in a leaktight manner substantially all of the volume of said holes of the first and second plates; preferably an elastomer seal comprising a material chosen from among a butyl rubber, an ethylene-propylene-diene terpolymer and a nitrile rubber, where said seal is disposed in continuity with the overlap zone in continuous contact with the first and the second plate in such a way as to complete the leaktightness of the box.