Abstract: In one embodiment, a wireless access point receives, from a mobile system, a broadcast beacon that includes a roaming notification indicating that the mobile system intends to roam to the wireless access point. The wireless access point allocates, after receiving the broadcast beacon from the mobile system, an orthogonal frequency-division multiple access resource unit for use by the mobile system. The wireless access point sends a trigger message to the mobile system that includes an indication of the orthogonal frequency-division multiple access resource unit. The wireless access point performs, after sending the trigger message, a handoff exchange with the mobile system using the orthogonal frequency-division multiple access resource unit to attach the mobile system to the wireless access point.

Abstract: Systems and methods herein can convert downstream group addressed packets to unicast packets and send them to Workgroup Bridges (WGBs) by Downlink (DL) Multiple-User (MU) Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA) (DL-MU-OFDMA). A Wireless Controller (WLC)/Access Point (AP) can extend current Inter-Access Point Protocol (IAPP) messages for broadcast and deploy Internet Group Management Protocol (IGMP) processing for multicast messages. The APs can maintain WGB entries for each group address. When there is a downstream broadcast packet received at the AP, the AP can search the entries in the domain and can build a 4-address unicast packet for each WGB, then transmit those converted packets in parallel by DL-OFDMA. After receiving those converted packets over the air, the WGB simply rebuilds 802.3 packets and forwards the 802.3 packets to the corresponding VLAN domain.

Abstract: Systems and methods herein can convert downstream group addressed packets to unicast packets and send them to Workgroup Bridges (WGBs) by Downlink (DL) Multiple-User (MU) Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA) (DL-MU-OFDMA). A Wireless Controller (WLC)/Access Point (AP) can extend current Inter-Access Point Protocol (IAPP) messages for broadcast and deploy Internet Group Management Protocol (IGMP) processing for multicast messages. The APs can maintain WGB entries for each group address. When there is a downstream broadcast packet received at the AP, the AP can search the entries in the domain and can build a 4-address unicast packet for each WGB, then transmit those converted packets in parallel by DL-OFDMA. After receiving those converted packets over the air, the WGB simply rebuilds 802.3 packets and forwards the 802.3 packets to the corresponding VLAN domain.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a method for promoting the fermentation of Gluconobacter oxydans to produce D-sorbitol dehydrogenase and pyrroloquinoline quinone. The method comprises: Gluconobacter oxydans is inoculated to a fermentation culture medium, fermented and cultured under the conditions of 28-32° C. and 150-180 rpm for 6-24 hours, the fermented solution is centrifuged, and wet bacteria are collected, thus acquiring bacteria cells containing D-sorbitol dehydrogenase and pyrroloquinoline quinone. The method promotes the synthesis of coenzyme pQQ and the enzyme activity of per unit volume D-sorbitol dehydrogenase, Gluconobacter oxydans cultured and acquired using the method is biotransformed to synthesize miglitol precursor 6-deoxy-6-amino(N-hydroxyethyl)-?-L-furan sorbose (6NSL), the conversion progress of the product 6NSL is increased by 21-35%, and a biotransformation step cycle is reduced from 48 hours to 36 hours.

Abstract: An apparatus includes a first wireless bridge device configured to transmit signals to and receive signals from wireless network access points located along a pathway, and a second wireless bridge device configured to transmit signals to and receive signals from the wireless network access points. The first wireless bridge device and the second wireless bridge device are coupled to and communicate with each other. When the first wireless bridge device is wirelessly connected to a first access point and about to initiate a roaming mode to attempt to wirelessly connect to a second access point, the first wireless bridge device notifies the second wireless bridge device of the initiating of the roaming mode and determines whether the second wireless bridge device is in the roaming mode while the apparatus is moving along the pathway.

Abstract: Off channel scanning on workgroup bridge (WGB) devices for fast roaming may be provided. First, it may be determined, by a first WGB, that a second WGB is not off-channel. The second WGB may be peered with the first WGB. Next, the first WGB may perform channel scanning in response to determining that the second WGB is not off-channel. The first WGB may then prioritize a first WGB channel list based on results from the channel scanning performed by the first WGB. Next, the first WGB may roam while the second WGB in not off-channel, from a first access point to a second access point on a channel with the highest priority in the first WGB channel list.

Abstract: In one embodiment, enhanced packet flow monitoring is performed by packet switching devices in a network. A packet switching device is configured to monitor a flow of packets passing through the packet switching device, including detecting a gap in consecutive packets of the flow of packets, and attributing the gap as not being dropped one or more packets based on a particular time duration between a last received packet of the flow of packets before said detected gap and a first received packet of the flow of packets after said detected gap. In one embodiment, the gap is attributed to not being dropped packets when the particular time duration is greater than a threshold value; and conversely, attributed to being dropped packets when the particular time duration is less than a same or different threshold value.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a packet switching device is configured to operate as a spoke or a hub in a Dynamic Multipoint Virtual Private Network (DMVPN) using one or more initially negotiated service overlay capabilities including service encapsulation to use in communicating service overlay data packets between the packet switching device and another device (e.g., spoke, hub) of the DMVPN over an established tunnel (e.g., secure protocol channel). The packet switching device is further configured to negotiate updated one or more service overlay capabilities including updated service encapsulation to use in communicating service overlay data packets with another device (e.g., spoke, hub) without dropping the already established tunnel. In one embodiment, the negotiation between the packet switching device and another device (e.g., spoke, hub) of the DMVPN uses Next Hop Resolution Protocol (NHRP). In one embodiment, the service encapsulation uses Network Service Header (NSH).

Abstract: An apparatus includes a first wireless bridge device configured to transmit signals to and receive signals from wireless network access points located along a pathway, and a second wireless bridge device configured to transmit signals to and receive signals from the wireless network access points. The first wireless bridge device and the second wireless bridge device are coupled to and communicate with each other. When the first wireless bridge device is wirelessly connected to a first access point and about to initiate a roaming mode to attempt to wirelessly connect to a second access point, the first wireless bridge device notifies the second wireless bridge device of the initiating of the roaming mode and determines whether the second wireless bridge device is in the roaming mode while the apparatus is moving along the pathway.

Abstract: An apparatus includes a first wireless bridge device configured to transmit signals to and receive signals from wireless network access points located along a pathway, and a second wireless bridge device configured to transmit signals to and receive signals from the wireless network access points. The first wireless bridge device and the second wireless bridge device are coupled to and communicate with each other. When the first wireless bridge device is wirelessly connected to a first access point and about to initiate a roaming mode to attempt to wirelessly connect to a second access point, the first wireless bridge device notifies the second wireless bridge device of the initiating of the roaming mode and determines whether the second wireless bridge device is in the roaming mode while the apparatus is moving along the pathway.

Abstract: An apparatus includes a first wireless bridge device configured to transmit signals to and receive signals from wireless network access points located along a pathway, and a second wireless bridge device configured to transmit signals to and receive signals from the wireless network access points. The first wireless bridge device and the second wireless bridge device are coupled to and communicate with each other. When the first wireless bridge device is wirelessly connected to a first access point and about to initiate a roaming mode to attempt to wirelessly connect to a second access point, the first wireless bridge device notifies the second wireless bridge device of the initiating of the roaming mode and determines whether the second wireless bridge device is in the roaming mode while the apparatus is moving along the pathway.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a packet switching device is configured to operate as a spoke or a hub in a Dynamic Multipoint Virtual Private Network (DMVPN) using one or more initially negotiated service overlay capabilities including service encapsulation to use in communicating service overlay data packets between the packet switching device and another device (e.g., spoke, hub) of the DMVPN over an established tunnel (e.g., secure protocol channel). The packet switching device is further configured to negotiate updated one or more service overlay capabilities including updated service encapsulation to use in communicating service overlay data packets with another device (e.g., spoke, hub) without dropping the already established tunnel. In one embodiment, the negotiation between the packet switching device and another device (e.g., spoke, hub) of the DMVPN uses Next Hop Resolution Protocol (NHRP). In one embodiment, the service encapsulation uses Network Service Header (NSH).

Abstract: In one embodiment, enhanced packet flow monitoring is performed by packet switching devices in a network. A packet switching device is configured to monitor a flow of packets passing through the packet switching device, including detecting a gap in consecutive packets of the flow of packets, and attributing the gap as not being dropped one or more packets based on a particular time duration between a last received packet of the flow of packets before said detected gap and a first received packet of the flow of packets after said detected gap. In one embodiment, the gap is attributed to not being dropped packets when the particular time duration is greater than a threshold value; and conversely, attributed to being dropped packets when the particular time duration is less than a same or different threshold value.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a method includes discovering at a first edge device in a first network that a multicast source has moved from the first network to a second network, the first edge device in communication through a core network with a plurality of edge devices belonging to a multicast group comprising the multicast source, transmitting from the first edge device to a second edge device in the second network, a join request for the multicast group comprising the multicast source at the second network, receiving multicast traffic for the multicast group at the first edge device on a transient multicast tree extending from the second edge device to the plurality of edge devices, and forwarding the multicast traffic to the plurality of edge devices. An apparatus and logic are also disclosed herein.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a method includes discovering at a first edge device in a first network that a multicast source has moved from the first network to a second network, the first edge device in communication through a core network with a plurality of edge devices belonging to a multicast group comprising the multicast source, transmitting from the first edge device to a second edge device in the second network, a join request for the multicast group comprising the multicast source at the second network, receiving multicast traffic for the multicast group at the first edge device on a transient multicast tree extending from the second edge device to the plurality of edge devices, and forwarding the multicast traffic to the plurality of edge devices. An apparatus and logic are also disclosed herein.