Abstract: Skin-mounted or epidermal devices and methods for monitoring biofluids are disclosed. The devices comprise a functional substrate that is mechanically and/or thermally matched to skin to provide durable adhesion for long-term wear. The functional substrates allow for the microfluidic transport of biofluids from the skin to one or more sensors that measure and/or detect biological parameters, such as rate of biofluid production, biofluid volume, and biomarker concentration. Sensors within the devices may be mechanical, electrical or chemical, with colorimetric indicators being observable by the naked eye or with a portable electronic device (e.g., a smartphone). By monitoring changes in an individual's health state over time, the disclosed devices may provide early indications of abnormal conditions.

Abstract: A speed reducing device includes a motor and a speed reducing mechanism. The motor includes a stator portion, a shaft portion and rotator portion. The rotator portion includes first and second eccentric rings. The speed reducing mechanism includes first, second and third roller assemblies and first and second cycloid disc sets. These roller assemblies include first rollers, second rollers and third rollers. The first cycloid disc set is mounted around the first eccentric ring, and includes first teeth and second teeth. The second cycloid disc set is mounted around the second eccentric ring, and includes third teeth and fourth teeth. The first teeth are contacted with the first rollers. The third teeth are contacted with the second rollers. The second teeth and the fourth teeth are contacted with the third rollers.

Abstract: A cycloid speed reducer includes two rotating disc assemblies. Each rotating disc assembly includes two cycloid discs. In other words, the cycloid speed reducer has four cycloid discs to be contacted with the corresponding rollers. Consequently, the load withstood by each cycloid disc is reduced. Since the cycloid speed reducer has stronger structural strength, the cycloid speed reducer can be applied to the high-load circumstance. Moreover, an eccentric assembly of the eccentric device includes plural eccentric cylinders. The eccentric cylinders are installed within the axle holes of the corresponding cycloid discs. Due to the plural eccentric cylinders, the eccentric direction of two cycloid discs is opposite to the eccentric direction of the other two cycloid discs. Consequently, it is not necessary to install an additional weight compensation device in the cycloid speed reducer to compensate the dynamic equilibrium.

Abstract: The invention provides transient printed circuit board devices, including active and passive devices that electrically and/or physically transform upon application of at least one internal and/or external stimulus.

Abstract: A speed reducing device includes a motor and a speed reducing mechanism. The motor includes a stator portion, a shaft portion and rotator portion. The rotator portion includes first and second eccentric rings. The speed reducing mechanism includes first, second and third roller assemblies and first and second cycloid disc sets. These roller assemblies include first rollers, second rollers and third rollers. The first cycloid disc set is mounted around the first eccentric ring, and includes first teeth and second teeth. The second cycloid disc set is mounted around the second eccentric ring, and includes third teeth and fourth teeth. The first teeth are contacted with the first rollers. The third teeth are contacted with the second rollers. The second teeth and the fourth teeth are contacted with the third rollers.

Abstract: The invention provides transient devices, including active and passive devices that electrically and/or physically transform upon application of at least one internal and/or external stimulus. Materials, modeling tools, manufacturing approaches, device designs and system level embodiments of transient electronics are provided.

Abstract: A cycloid speed reducer includes two rotating disc assemblies. Each rotating disc assembly includes two cycloid discs. In other words, the cycloid speed reducer has four cycloid discs to be contacted with the corresponding rollers. Consequently, the load withstood by each cycloid disc is reduced. Since the cycloid speed reducer has stronger structural strength, the cycloid speed reducer can be applied to the high-load circumstance. Moreover, an eccentric assembly of the eccentric device includes plural eccentric cylinders. The eccentric cylinders are installed within the axle holes of the corresponding cycloid discs. Due to the plural eccentric cylinders, the eccentric direction of two cycloid discs is opposite to the eccentric direction of the other two cycloid discs. Consequently, it is not necessary to install an additional weight compensation device in the cycloid speed reducer to compensate the dynamic equilibrium.

Abstract: Provided are methods of making a transient electronic device by fabricating one or more inorganic semiconductor components, one or more metallic conductor components or one or more inorganic semiconductor components and one or more metallic conductor components supported by a mother substrate. The components may independently comprise a selectively transformable material and, optionally, further have a preselected transience profile. The components are transfer printed, thereby decoupling the component fabrication step from additional processing to provide desired device functionality and transient properties. A substrate layer is provided on top of the components and used to facilitate handling, processing, and/or device functionality.

Abstract: Techniques for monitoring a target analyte in a sample using a polymer capable of binding to the target analyte are disclosed. An implantable monitor useful for the disclosed techniques includes a microdevice coupled with a wireless interface. The wireless interface can comprise a capacitance digital converter coupled with the microdevice and can be adapted to produce a digital signal representing a measurement of the target analyte. A microcontroller can be coupled with the capacitance digital converter and a transponder can be coupled with the microcontroller to transmit the digital signal received from the capacitance digital converter to an external reader.

Abstract: Provided are methods of making a transient electronic device by fabricating one or more inorganic semiconductor components, one or more metallic conductor components or one or more inorganic semiconductor components and one or more metallic conductor components supported by a mother substrate. The components may independently comprise a selectively transformable material and, optionally, further have a preselected transience profile. The components are transfer printed, thereby decoupling the component fabrication step from additional processing to provide desired device functionality and transient properties. A substrate layer is provided on top of the components and used to facilitate handling, processing, and/or device functionality.

Abstract: Skin-mounted or epidermal devices and methods for monitoring biofluids are disclosed. The devices comprise a functional substrate that is mechanically and/or thermally matched to skin to provide durable adhesion for long-term wear. The functional substrates allow for the microfluidic transport of biofluids from the skin to one or more sensors that measure and/or detect biological parameters, such as rate of biofluid production, biofluid volume, and biomarker concentration. Sensors within the devices may be mechanical, electrical or chemical, with colorimetric indicators being observable by the naked eye or with a portable electronic device (e.g., a smartphone). By monitoring changes in an individual's health state over time, the disclosed devices may provide early indications of abnormal conditions.

Abstract: A method of making a calcium-fluoride layer formed on an object surface for more wear resistance includes the steps of coating sodium fluoride to a surface of an object having calcium, whereby the calcium fluoride and the calcium are inverted to become a calcium-fluoride layer on the surface of the object after a chemistry reaction; preparing a CO2 laser device having a CO2 laser emitter for emitting CO2 laser; and applying irradiation of the CO2 laser via the CO2 laser emitter to the calcium-fluoride layer for at least five seconds. In light of this, the wear resistance of the calcium-fluoride layer is enhanced for at least 34%, the absorption rate of the fluoride is increased for at least 23%, and the surface of the object has aesthetic and integral appearance.

Abstract: The disclosed subject matter relates to a sensor or system for monitoring a target analyte by using a polymer solution that is capable of binding to the analyte. The sensor of the disclosed subject matter includes a viscosity-based sensor or a permittivity-based sensor. The viscosity-based sensor contains a semi-permeable membrane, a substrate, and a microchamber including a vibrational element. The permittivity-based sensor contains a semi-permeable membrane, a substrate, and a microchamber. The sensor discussed herein provides excellent reversibility and stability as highly desired for long-term analyte monitoring.

Abstract: A ball screw capable of sensing a preload is formed of a nut having an internal thread surrounding an imaginary central axis, a screw inserted into the nut and having an external thread surrounding the imaginary central axis, and a plurality of balls are mounted between the internal and external threads in a way that the balls roll therebetween. A mounting hole having a mounting surface therein is formed in the nut. The mounting surface corresponds to the internal thread in a way that it is substantially perpendicular to the imaginary central axis. A force sensor is mounted to the mounting surface. The force sensor can directly sense the preload in real time, so it is uneasily adversely affected by any environmental factor to have more accurate sensing result relatively.

Abstract: Techniques for monitoring a target analyte in a sample using a polymer capable of binding to the target analyte are disclosed. An implantable monitor useful for the disclosed techniques includes a microdevice coupled with a wireless interface. The wireless interface can comprise a capacitance digital converter coupled with the microdevice and can be adapted to produce a digital signal representing a measurement of the target analyte. A microcontroller can be coupled with the capacitance digital converter and a transponder can be coupled with the microcontroller to transmit the digital signal received from the capacitance digital converter to an external reader.

Abstract: The disclosed subject matter relates to a sensor or system for monitoring a target analyte by using a polymer solution that is capable of binding to the analyte. The sensor of the disclosed subject matter includes a viscosity-based sensor or a permittivity-based sensor. The viscosity-based sensor contains a semi-permeable membrane, a substrate, and a microchamber including a vibrational element. The permittivity-based sensor contains a semi-permeable membrane, a substrate, and a microchamber. The sensor discussed herein provides excellent reversibility and stability as highly desired for long-term analyte monitoring.

Abstract: Techniques for monitoring a target analyte in a sample using a polymer capable of binding to the target analyte are disclosed. A microdevice useful for the disclosed techniques includes a semi-permeable membrane structure, a substrate, a first and second microchambers formed between the membrane structure and the substrate. The first microchamber can be adapted to receive a solution including the polymer, and the second microchamber can be adapted to receive a reference solution. Environmental target analyte can permeate the semi-permeable membrane structure and enters the first microchamber and the second microchamber. Based on the difference in a property associated with the polymer solution that is responsive to the target analyte-polymer binding, and the corresponding property associated with reference solution, the presence and/or concentration of the target analyte can be determined.

Abstract: A method of making a calcium-fluoride layer formed on an object surface for more wear resistance includes the steps of coating sodium fluoride to a surface of an object having calcium, whereby the calcium fluoride and the calcium are inverted to become a calcium-fluoride layer on the surface of the object after a chemistry reaction; preparing a CO2 laser device having a CO2 laser emitter for emitting CO2 laser; and applying irradiation of the CO2 laser via the CO2 laser emitter to the calcium-fluoride layer for at least five seconds. In light of this, the wear resistance of the calcium-fluoride layer is enhanced for at least 34%, the absorption rate of the fluoride is increased for at least 23%, and the surface of the object has aesthetic and integral appearance.

Abstract: The invention provides transient printed circuit board devices, including active and passive devices that electrically and/or physically transform upon application of at least one internal and/or external stimulus.

Abstract: Provided are methods of making a transient electronic device by fabricating one or more inorganic semiconductor components, one or more metallic conductor components or one or more inorganic semiconductor components and one or more metallic conductor components supported by a mother substrate. The components may independently comprise a selectively transformable material and, optionally, further have a preselected transience profile. The components are transfer printed, thereby decoupling the component fabrication step from additional processing to provide desired device functionality and transient properties. A substrate layer is provided on top of the components and used to facilitate handling, processing, and/or device functionality.