Abstract: An all-optical reference node in an optical communication network detects the power in each channel and, using an optical power monitor and a series of voltage-controlled attenuators connected in a feedback loop, adjusts the power in each channel so as to equalize the power in all channels. The optical reference node also removes amplified spontaneous emissions. Likewise, the power of each channel added at an add/drop node is equalized to the power in the channels that pass through the add/drop node. Thus the power in the respective channels is equal through the network, and amplifiers located at intervals on the network are not driven into saturation as they attempt to amplify weaker signals. According to another embodiment, a simplified optical communication network contains only passive components.

Abstract: An all optical network for optical signal traffic provides at least a first ring with at least a first clockwise fiber, a second counter-clockwise fiber and a plurality of network nodes. Each node has at least a WDM transponder that with a line-side transmitter and a client-side receiver in a first direction, and a line-side receiver and a client-side transmitter in an opposing second direction. The line-side receiver includes a fixed or a tunable optical wavelength filter. At least a first add and a first drop broadband couplers are positioned on each fiber. Each coupler has first and second ports for through traffic and a third port for adding or dropping local traffic. The first add and first drop broadband couplers are configured to minimize a pass-through loss in each fiber. If there are multiple WDM transponders, their wavelengths are added to the ring either in series or in parallel. All wavelengths dropped from the ring are selected by each individual WDM transponder in a parallel or serial manner.

Abstract: A Metropolitan Area Network (MAN) is disclosed that is comprised of a central node, an optical fiber, a first low insertion loss Optical Add-Drop Multiplexer (O-ADM), a second low insertion loss O-ADM, and a third low insertion loss O-ADM. The first, second, and third O-ADMs are coupled to the optical fiber and configured to drop wavelengths from an optical signal. The first, second, and third O-ADMs each have an insertion loss of less than approximately 1.00 dB. The low insertion loss O-ADMs create an efficient MAN that can grow much larger than current MANs in the absence of optical line amplifiers.

Abstract: An optical signal transmitter is disclosed that transmits an optical signal with corresponding Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM) channels and Time Division Multiplexing (TDM) channels. The transmitter is comprised of a laser, a dispersion system, and a modulator. The laser generates and transmits a narrow laser pulse comprised of a plurality of wavelength channels. The dispersion system broadens the narrow laser pulse into a wide laser pulse. The modulator modulates the wide laser pulse based oh an electric modulation signal comprised of a plurality of time slot channels wherein the time slot channels in the electric modulation signal correspond to the wavelength channels in the wide laser pulse respectively. The modulator transfers a modulated wide laser pulse. Channels of the modulated wide laser pulse are hybrid wavelength and time slot channels. The transmitter singularly transmits a WDM optical signal comprised of multiple wavelength channels.

Abstract: A fiber optic system implementing an amplification system is disclosed that provides distributed optical amplification through remote pump technology. The fiber optic system is comprised of a transmitting system, an amplification system, and a receiving system. The amplification system is comprised of a signal processing system and a laser system. The transmitting system transmits an optical signal that includes a C-band and L-band to the signal processing system. Concurrently, the laser system receives a single laser signal and transfers the single laser signal to the signal processing system. The signal processing system receives the single laser signal and the optical signal that includes the C-band and L-band, and combines the optical signal and the single laser signal to amplify the C-band and L-band of the optical signal.

Abstract: A system for reducing the influence of polarization mode dispersion (PMD) in high speed fiber optical transmission channels. A signal is forward error correction (FEC) encoded according to an FEC code that defines a specified error tolerance per codeword. The invention then effectively randomizes the input polarization of the signal before transmission, in order to reduce the likelihood that PMD will distort one or more codewords beyond the allowed error tolerance. The invention will thereby increase the PMD-limited transmission distance in an optical transmission system.

Abstract: This invention relates generally to the field of immunology, in particular that of antibodies and antibody productions. More specifically, this invention relates to bispecific antibodies, the hybrid hybridomas which produce them, the parent hybridomas, the production and selection of the hybridomas and hybrid hybridomas, and the purification of the bispecific antibodies. Specific examples relate to bispecific monoclonal antibodies which recognize both the human multi-drug resistance antigen, P-glycoprotein and human Fc.gamma. receptor III (hFc.gamma.RIII. These bispecific antibodies are useful in killing cancer cells.

Abstract: This invention relates generally to the field of immunology, in particular that of antibodies and antibody productions. More specifically, this invention relates to bispecific antibodies, the hybrid hybridomas which produce them, the parent hybridomas, the production and selection of the hybridomas and hybrid hybridomas, and the purification of the bispecific antibodies. Specific examples relate to bispecific monoclonal antibodies which recognize both the human multi-drug resistance antigen, P-glycoprotein and human Fc.gamma. receptor III (hFc.gamma.RIII). These bispecific antibodies are useful in killing cancer cells.

Abstract: This invention relates generally to the field of immunology, in particular that of antibodies and antibody productions. More specifically, this invention relates to bispecific antibodies, the hybrid hybridomas which produce them, the parent hybridomas, the production and selection of the hybridomas and hybrid hybridomas, and the purification of the bispecific antibodies. Specific examples relate to bispecific monoclonal antibodies which recognize both the human multi-drug resistance antigen, P-glycoprotein and human Fc.gamma. receptor III (hFc.gamma.RIII). These bispecific antibodies are useful in killing cancer cells.