Abstract: The disclosure provides a display substrate, a manufacturing method thereof and a display device. The display substrate has a plurality of subpixel regions. The display substrate includes a base substrate and a pixel definition layer on the base substrate. The pixel definition layer defines a plurality of subpixel openings and each of the subpixel openings occupies one subpixel region. The display substrate further includes a functional medium layer on a side of the pixel definition layer away from the base substrate. The functional medium layer includes a first portion covering side surfaces of the subpixel opening and a second portion covering a top surface of the pixel definition layer. In the same subpixel region, surface energy of the first portion is greater than surface energy of the second portion.

Abstract: Methods of preparing cast-in-place geopolymer piles using electrical heating wire (130) to provide heat to cure the piles are described. The heating wire (130) can be associated with a reinforcement cage (120) inserted in the pile shaft. Rod-shaped heating units comprising electrical heating wire (130) can be inserted into a pile shaft and can be reusable. Geopolymer piles with high compressive strength can be prepared from mixtures of class F fly ash and aqueous sodium hydroxide by heating the piles with the heating wire to a stable curing temperature for at least about 24 hours.

Abstract: Methods of preparing cast-in-place geopolymer piles using electrical heating wire (130) to provide heat to cure the piles are described. The heating wire (130) can be associated with a reinforcement cage (120) inserted in the pile shaft. Rod-shaped heating units comprising electrical heating wire (130) can be inserted into a pile shaft and can be reusable. Geopolymer piles with high compressive strength can be prepared from mixtures of class F fly ash and aqueous sodium hydroxide by heating the piles with the heating wire to a stable curing temperature for at least about 24 hours.

Abstract: Red mud-based geopolymer compositions and methods of their preparation are described. The red mud-based geopolymer compositions can be cured at ambient temperatures using alkaline solutions of relatively low alkaline compound concentration compared to other geopolymer compositions. In particular, the use of a red mud previously utilized in a flue gas desulfurization process can provide high strength geopolymer compositions.

Abstract: Red mud-based geopolymer compositions and methods of their preparation are described. The red mud-based geopolymer compositions can be cured at ambient temperatures using alkaline solutions of relatively low alkaline compound concentration compared to other geopolymer compositions. In particular, the use of a red mud previously utilized in a flue gas desulfurization process can provide high strength geopolymer compositions.

Abstract: A bio-modifier for asphalt is provided that comprises non-wood bio-char. In some embodiments, the bio-char comprises pyrolyzed biomass from a bio-fuel crop and/or comprises pyrolyzed grass. The asphalt modifier can improve the performance of asphalt compositions such as asphalt binder compositions and compositions comprising asphalt binder and aggregate. For example, the bio-modifier can improve the temperature susceptibility of asphalt binder compositions and increase the rutting resistance, moisture and cracking resistance of hot mix asphalt compositions. In addition, methods of preparing the bio-modifier composition, methods of preparing modified asphalts comprising the bio-modifier, and modified asphalt compositions are provided.

Abstract: A loaded wheel tester for testing asphalt mixtures comprises a loaded wheel tester having additional means for attachment to specimens under test to provide a measurement of tensile strain and for attachment between a frame of the loaded wheel tester and the loaded wheel to determine position of the loaded wheel over time. Output results demonstrate that viscoelastic and fatigue properties of asphalt mixtures are obtained in equivalent or improved format using a modified loaded wheel tester when compared with known pavement test apparatus and methods.

Abstract: A bio-modifier for asphalt is provided that comprises non-wood bio-char. In some embodiments, the bio-char comprises pyrolyzed biomass from a bio-fuel crop and/or comprises pyrolyzed grass. The asphalt modifier can improve the performance of asphalt compositions such as asphalt binder compositions and compositions comprising asphalt binder and aggregate. For example, the bio-modifier can improve the temperature susceptibility of asphalt binder compositions and increase the rutting resistance, moisture and cracking resistance of hot mix asphalt compositions. In addition, methods of preparing the bio-modifier composition, methods of preparing modified asphalts comprising the bio-modifier, and modified asphalt compositions are provided.

Abstract: A loaded wheel tester for testing asphalt mixtures comprises a loaded wheel tester having additional means for attachment to specimens under test to provide a measurement of tensile strain and for attachment between a frame of the loaded wheel tester and the loaded wheel to determine position of the loaded wheel over time. Output results demonstrate that viscoelastic and fatigue properties of asphalt mixtures are obtained in equivalent or improved format using a modified loaded wheel tester when compared with known pavement test apparatus and methods.

Abstract: Rubber-modified cementitious substances and various methods of making such substances or components thereof. One embodiment of the substance includes a mix of cement and composite particles, wherein essentially each of the composite particles has a rubber core enclosed in an inorganic exterior and wherein the rubber core is chemically coupled to the inorganic exterior. The chemical coupling between the rubber core and the inorganic exterior and the bonding between the inorganic exterior and the cement result in a rubber-modified cementitious substance that has greater strength than comparable conventional rubber-modified cementitious substances.

Abstract: Rubber-modified cementitious substances and various methods of making such substances or components thereof. One embodiment of the substance includes a mix of cement and composite particles, wherein essentially each of the composite particles has a rubber core enclosed in an inorganic exterior and wherein the rubber core is chemically coupled to the inorganic exterior. The chemical coupling between the rubber core and the inorganic exterior and the bonding between the inorganic exterior and the cement result in a rubber-modified cementitious substance that has greater strength than comparable conventional rubber-modified cementitious substances.

Abstract: Provided is a semiconductor device including a resistive memory element. The semiconductor device includes a substrate and the resistive memory element disposed on the substrate. The resistive memory element has resistance states of a plurality of levels according to generation and dissipation of at least one platinum bridge therein.

Abstract: Provided is a semiconductor device including a resistive memory element. The semiconductor device includes a substrate and the resistive memory element disposed on the substrate. The resistive memory element has resistance states of a plurality of levels according to generation and dissipation of at least one platinum bridge therein.

Abstract: Rubber-modified cementitious substances and various methods of making such substances or components thereof. One embodiment of the substance includes a mix of cement and composite particles, wherein essentially each of the composite particles has a rubber core enclosed in an inorganic exterior and wherein the rubber core is chemically coupled to the inorganic exterior. The chemical coupling between the rubber core and the inorganic exterior and the bonding between the inorganic exterior and the cement result in a rubber-modified cementitious substance that has greater strength than comparable conventional rubber-modified cementitious substances.