Abstract: The present invention provides an electrical interconnection system comprising: a paddle card comprising a plurality of first contact pads positioned on a first surface of the paddle card and a plurality of second contact pads positioned on an opposite second surface of the paddle card; a first wafer comprising a plurality of first conductors each having a first contact portion; and a second wafer comprising a plurality of second conductors each having a second contact portion; wherein the first wafer and the second wafer are assembled together to have the first contact portion and the second contact portion face each other and be able to form a gap therebetween for accommodating at least part of the paddle card; each first contact portion is adapted to be in electrical contact with a corresponding first contact pad and each second contact portion is adapted to be in electrical contact with a corresponding second contact pad when the paddle card is at least partly accommodated in the gap.

Abstract: A self-calibration circuit of a nonvolatile memory includes a trimming data storage module, a sense amplifier module, a logic judgment module, and a scanning module. The nonvolatile memory circuit includes a memory cell array and the self-calibration circuit of the reading circuit of the nonvolatile memory. Without requiring an additional fuse or differential unit, the self-calibration circuit of a nonvolatile memory solves a deadlock problem securely and reliably without increasing circuit area and test cost, and be widely applied to OTP, MTP and EEPROM of various processes or various nonvolatile memories such as Flash EEPROM, MRAM, and FeRAM.

Abstract: A sense amplifier and method of implementing includes a reference current generation circuit, which is used for providing a reference current with a settable temperature coefficient for a main circuit of the sense amplifier; the main circuit is used for comparing the reference current with a storage cell current, and distinguishing between 0 and 1 Storage Cell. A method of implementing the sense amplifier that is as below: With an additional current reference circuit, generating and inputting the reference current with a positive/negative/zero temperature coefficient into the main circuit, by mixing a proportional absolute temperature current and a constant current according to different ratios; a storage cell selection tube in a mirror branch of a biased current of the main circuit, so as to constitute a source degeneration circuit, making the biased current change with the power supply voltage and realizing a gain compensation function.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a selfcalibration method of a reading circuit of a nonvolatile memory, by which trimming data having recorded a reference current are stored in a bit-pair form into the memory and regulate a sense amplifier, and a value of the reference current is obtained according to the trimming data when “0” and “1” in the outputted trimming data have the same quantities. The present invention further discloses a selfcalibration circuit of the nonvolatile memory, which includes a trimming data storage module, a sense amplifier module, a logic judgment module, and a scanning module. The present invention furthermore discloses a nonvolatile memory circuit, which includes a memory cell array and the selfcalibration circuit of the reading circuit of the nonvolatile memory.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a sense amplifier used in an Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-only Memory; the sense amplifier includes a reference current generation circuit, which is used for providing a reference current with a settable temperature coefficient for a main circuit of the sense amplifier; the sense amplifier further includes the main circuit, which is used for comparing the reference current with a storage cell current, and distinguishing between 0 Storage Cell and 1 Storage Cell.

Abstract: A UV sterilization system with autocleaning structure comprises scrubbing collars, at least one cleaning liquid box and at least one sliding bar. Said cleaning means further comprises at least one towing bar, at least one sliding bar and at least one supporting bar. The boxes are vertically mounted on or fixed to the supporting bar(s) to form together with the supporting bar(s) a rectangular shape. A cleaning liquid addition port and a cleaning liquid drain port are respectively provided at the top and close to the bottom of each cleaning liquid box. Said cleaning liquid addition port is connected with a cleaning liquid supply pipe and the cleaning liquid drain port is closed by a detachable sealing member. Several sets of holes with the same diameter for scrubbing collars are provided on the opposite sides of each box with each set at the same height. Each UV lamp is separately installed within a protective sleeve passing through the scrubbing collars.

Abstract: Methods and algorithms for quality control in gene expression profiling on DNA microarray technology are disclosed including methods and algorithms for assessing quality control of the printing of a DNA microarray, the preparation of an RNA sample, the labeling of probes, the hybridization between a DNA microarray and probes, the result of washing procedures, the result of scanning procedures, and for quantifying the gene expression data produced by imaging the hybridized DNA microarray.

Abstract: The present invention relates to methods and systems for database comparison and database searching and matching, and specifically to database comparison and database searching and matching of databases containing biomolecular sequences as well as databases comprising matched sequences, as well as the use of databases comprising matched biomolecular sequences. In addition, a database comprising matched sequences or a database comprising matched biomolecular sequences may be accessed via a graphical user interface.

Abstract: The performance of natural rubber based products, such as engine mounts which are susceptible to degradation caused by heat, oxidation, ozone attack or ultraviolet radiation is significantly improved by coating exposed surfaces of the product with a polymeric material having excellent heat and oxidation resistance properties. By applying such polymeric coatings having high resistance towards oxidation under excessive heat, the C.dbd.C bonds of the natural rubber are protected from oxygen and ozone attacks, thereby allowing its strain-crystallization characteristic properties to be retained.

Abstract: An improved process is provided for the catalytic hydrogenation of nitrile rubber in solution in an organic medium using a ruthenium catalyst, the improvement being that the hydrogenation is undertaken in the presence of water and a selected organic additive whereby the molecular weight increase in the hydrogenation process is minimized and controlled.

Abstract: An improved process is provided for the catalytic hydrogenation of nitrile rubber in solution in an organic medium using a ruthenium catalyst, the improvement being that the hydrogenation is undertaken in the presence of water and a selected inorganic additive whereby the molecular weight increase in the hydrogenation process is minimized and controlled.

Abstract: An improved process is provided for the catalytic hydrogenation of nitrile rubber using a ruthenium catalyst wherein the improvement is that the nitrile rubber is provided as an aqueous emulsion and a solvent and a selected inorganic additive are present during the hydrogenation, whereby the molecular weight increase in the hydrogenation process is minimized and controlled.

Abstract: An improved process is provided for the catalytic hydrogenation of nitrile rubber using a ruthenium catalyst wherein the improvement is that the nitrile rubber is provided as an aqueous emulsion and a solvent and a selected organic additive are present during the hydrogenation, whereby the molecular weight increase in the hydrogenation process is minimized and controlled.