Abstract: Described herein, are cleansing compositions comprising a surfactant, phenoxyethanol, sodium salicylate, a polydentate chelating agent, and a structuring agent selected from: a gum and a polyacrylate.

Abstract: An innovative oil observer for estimating oil concentration and oil amount in a refrigerant compressor in a vapor compression cycle is described. The invention ensures the safe operation of the compressor by ensuring that adequate lubricant is present in the compressor. This oil observer is based on oil models for components of air conditioning and refrigeration systems. Oil models for HVAC components estimate oil mass and refrigerant mass in each component. With all component oil models and heat exchanger observers which provide the estimation of inner geometric lengths of two-phase flow heat exchangers, a system-level oil observer is established by integrating all component models. Experimental testing has been conducted to verify the performance of this oil observer for steady state operation and dynamic processes. The invention has direct applications in residential and commercial air conditioning and refrigeration systems.

Abstract: An innovative oil observer for estimating oil concentration and oil amount in a refrigerant compressor in a vapor compression cycle is described. The invention ensures the safe operation of the compressor by ensuring that adequate lubricant is present in the compressor. This oil observer is based on oil models for components of air conditioning and refrigeration systems. Oil models for HVAC components estimate oil mass and refrigerant mass in each component. With all component oil models and heat exchanger observers which provide the estimation of inner geometric lengths of two-phase flow heat exchangers, a system-level oil observer is established by integrating all component models. Experimental testing has been conducted to verify the performance of this oil observer for steady state operation and dynamic processes. The invention has direct applications in residential and commercial air conditioning and refrigeration systems.

Abstract: A new feedback linearization approach to advanced control of single-unit and multi-unit HVAC systems is described. In accordance with the approach of the invention, this new nonlinear control includes a model-based feedback linearization part to compensate for the nonlinearity in the system dynamics. Therefore, the evaporating temperature and superheat values can be controlled by linear PI control designs to achieve desired system performance and reliability. The main advantages of the new nonlinear control approach include (1) better performance even with large model errors, (2) being able to adapt to indoor unit turn on/off operation, (3) much smaller PI control gains compared to that of current feedback PI controls, (4) much easier design procedures since there is no need for tuning the PI control gains over wide range operation.

Abstract: A new feedback linearization approach to advanced control of single-unit and multi-unit HVAC systems is described. In accordance with the approach of the invention, this new nonlinear control includes a model-based feedback linearization part to compensate for the nonlinearity in the system dynamics. Therefore, the evaporating temperature and superheat values can be controlled by linear PI control designs to achieve desired system performance and reliability. The main advantages of the new nonlinear control approach include (1) better performance even with large model errors, (2) being able to adapt to indoor unit turn on/off operation, (3) much smaller PI control gains compared to that of current feedback PI controls, (4) much easier design procedures since there is no need for tuning the PI control gains over wide range operation.

Abstract: A new feedback linearization approach to advanced control of single-unit and multi-unit HVAC systems is described. In accordance with the approach of the invention, this new nonlinear control includes a model-based feedback linearization part to compensate for the nonlinearity in the system dynamics. Therefore, the evaporating temperature and superheat values can be controlled by linear PI control designs to achieve desired system performance and reliability. The main advantages of the new nonlinear control approach include (1) better performance even with large model errors, (2) being able to adapt to indoor unit turn on/off operation, (3) much smaller PI control gains compared to that of current feedback PI controls, (4) much easier design procedures since there is no need for tuning the PI control gains over wide range operation.

Abstract: An innovative oil observer for estimating oil concentration and oil amount in a refrigerant compressor in a vapor compression cycle is described. The invention ensures the safe operation of the compressor by ensuring that adequate lubricant is present in the compressor. This oil observer is based on oil models for components of air conditioning and refrigeration systems. Oil models for HVAC components estimate oil mass and refrigerant mass in each component. With all component oil models and heat exchanger observers which provide the estimation of inner geometric lengths of two-phase flow heat exchangers, a system-level oil observer is established by integrating all component models. Experimental testing has been conducted to verify the performance of this oil observer for steady state operation and dynamic processes. The invention has direct applications in residential and commercial air conditioning and refrigeration systems.

Abstract: A new feedback linearization approach to advanced control of single-unit and multi-unit HVAC systems is described. In accordance with the approach of the invention, this new nonlinear control includes a model-based feedback linearization part to compensate for the nonlinearity in the system dynamics. Therefore, the evaporating temperature and superheat values can be controlled by linear PI control designs to achieve desired system performance and reliability. The main advantages of the new nonlinear control approach include (1) better performance even with large model errors, (2) being able to adapt to indoor unit turn on/off operation, (3) much smaller PI control gains compared to that of current feedback PI controls, (4) much easier design procedures since there is no need for tuning the PI control gains over wide range operation.

Abstract: A vapor compression system with set point optimization generates a set of thermodynamic operating parameters such that the system operates with optimum energy efficiency. Based on environmental conditions such as indoor and outdoor temperature as well as thermal load, the set of parameters for steady-state set point is generated. The system also monitors actual system properties in real-time and provides them as feedback to the set point computation module. Based on these actual real-time measurements, a new steady-state set point can be generated to enable the system to continue operating at maximum coefficient of performance upon change in environmental or thermal load requirements.