Abstract: The present disclosure provides a memory device that includes memory cells addressed by word lines and bit lines and a peripheral circuit for performing a read operation for the memory device. The peripheral circuit is configured to apply a read voltage to a selected word line and apply a pass voltage to an unselected word line adjacent to the selected word line, wherein a magnitude of the pass voltage is adjusted according to the read voltage applied to the selected word line.

Abstract: Disclosure includes systems, methods and devices to program a memory device, involving a first and a second programming operations on a memory cell of the memory device. In the first programming operation, the memory cell is programmed into an intermediate state. In the second programming operation, the memory cell is programmed from the intermediate state into a target state. The first programming operation includes providing a bias voltage to a bit line coupled to the memory cell and providing a programming voltage to a word line coupled to the memory cell. An amplitude of the bias voltage provided to the bit line depends on the intermediate state or the target state the memory cell to be programmed into. Accordingly, no verification operation need to be performed on the memory cell in the first programming operation.

Abstract: A bandwidth part (BWP) and power scheduling method and apparatus for indoor terahertz are provided. The BWP and power scheduling method uses an intelligent reflecting surface (IRS) and a non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) to compensate for a shortcoming, wherein terahertz waves are not suitable for an indoor transmission, convert an indoor environment of an IRS-assisted terahertz propagation into a channel model, and convert an optimal wireless resource scheduling in an indoor IRS-assisted terahertz system into a functional optimization design with random constraints. Policies and corresponding actions are trained by using a proximal policy optimization (PPO) to schedule a power and a BWP. An actor part generates continuous a power scheduling, and a critic part generates a discrete BWP scheduling.

Abstract: A bandwidth part (BWP) and power scheduling method and apparatus for indoor terahertz are provided. The BWP and power scheduling method uses an intelligent reflecting surface (IRS) and a non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) to compensate for a shortcoming, wherein terahertz waves are not suitable for an indoor transmission, convert an indoor environment of an IRS-assisted terahertz propagation into a channel model, and convert an optimal wireless resource scheduling in an indoor IRS-assisted terahertz system into a functional optimization design with random constraints. Policies and corresponding actions are trained by using a proximal policy optimization (PPO) to schedule a power and a BWP. An actor part generates continuous a power scheduling, and a critic part generates a discrete BWP scheduling.