Abstract: The invention relates to a diagnostic method and system for drip irrigation cotton with nitrogen nutrient deficit. First, the sensitive leaf layer of cotton is determined according to the growth stage of cotton, and the spectral reflectance and biomass of each functional leaf in the sensitive leaf layer are collected to calculate average spectral reflectance of the sensitive leaf layer and the maximum leaf biomass. Then, the critical nitrogen concentration was calculated according to the maximum leaf biomass. Finally, the nitrogen nutrition index of cotton is calculated according to the nitrogen concentration and the critical nitrogen concentration. The nitrogen nutrition index is used to characterize the abundance and deficiency of nitrogen nutrition in cotton, so as to determine the abundance and deficiency of nitrogen nutrition in cotton, which can reduce the calculation amount of nitrogen nutrition index, diagnose the abundance and deficiency of nitrogen nutrition in drip irrigation cotton.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to systems and methods for shielding electromagnetic waves. The system may include an imaging device, a shielding layer assembly disposed on at least a first portion of the imaging device, and a shielding cover assembly disposed on at least a second portion of the imaging device. When the shielding cover assembly is coupled to the shielding layer assembly, the shielding cover assembly and the shielding layer assembly may be combined to form a shielding space that is shielded against electromagnetic waves from an outside of the shielding space.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to systems and methods for shielding electromagnetic waves. The system may include an imaging device, a shielding layer assembly disposed on at least a first portion of the imaging device, and a shielding cover assembly disposed on at least a second portion of the imaging device. When the shielding cover assembly is coupled to the shielding layer assembly, the shielding cover assembly and the shielding layer assembly may be combined to form a shielding space that is shielded against electromagnetic waves from an outside of the shielding space.

Abstract: Methods of producing substantially amorphous pharmaceutical formulations by hot melt extrusion (HME) are provided. In some aspects, the methods can be performed at lower temperatures than are typically required for HME. Pharmaceutical formations produced by these methods are also provided.