Abstract: A ceramic substrate is provided. A thickness of the ceramic substrate ranges from 1 to 4 mm, and a thermal conductivity of the ceramic substrate ranges from 0.8 to 2.5 W/m·k. In an embodiment, the thickness of the ceramic substrate ranges from 1.5 to 3 mm. In an embodiment, the thermal conductivity of the ceramic substrate ranges from 1.0 to 2.0 W/m·k.

Abstract: A heating body for heating a vaporized aerosol generation substrate includes: a substrate layer having a first surface and a second surface opposite the first surface; a heating layer formed on the first surface and/or the second surface; and a plurality of through holes having a capillary force. Each through hole of the plurality of through holes is elongated and extends through the first surface to the second surface.

Abstract: The present application relates to the technical field of image recognition, and provides a carpal segmentation and recognition method, including: performing threshold segmentation on a carpal region of interest on a child orthotopic wrist X-ray image based on an adaptive threshold segmentation manner of variable threshold segmentation windows, and extracting edge information of the carpal region of interest based on an edge detection manner; combining a binarized image obtained by performing the threshold segmentation with the extracted edge information to obtain an initial segmentation image; performing carpal recognition on the initial segmentation image by using a carpal anatomy priori model to obtain an initial recognition image including information of each carpal bone; and performing boundary optimization on the initial recognition image, and outputting a carpal recognition image obtained after the boundary optimization is performed.

Abstract: The present application relates to the technical field of image recognition, and provides a carpal segmentation and recognition method, including: performing threshold segmentation on a carpal region of interest on a child orthotopic wrist X-ray image based on an adaptive threshold segmentation manner of variable threshold segmentation windows, and extracting edge information of the carpal region of interest based on an edge detection manner; combining a binarized image obtained by performing the threshold segmentation with the extracted edge information to obtain an initial segmentation image; performing carpal recognition on the initial segmentation image by using a carpal anatomy priori model to obtain an initial recognition image including information of each carpal bone; and performing boundary optimization on the initial recognition image, and outputting a carpal recognition image obtained after the boundary optimization is performed.