Abstract: A method and an apparatus for establishing a forwarding path, the method including obtaining, by a first network node, path information of a to-be-established forwarding path, where the path information comprises an identifier of a network node on the forwarding path and a transmission resource requirement that needs to be allocated by the network node to the forwarding path, and sending a path establishment request packet based on the path information, where a packet header of the path establishment request packet comprises the path information, and where the path establishment request packet triggers the network node to allocate a transmission resource to the forwarding path based on the transmission resource requirement.

Abstract: This application discloses a service level adjustment method, apparatus, device, and system, and a storage medium. The method includes: A control device obtains at least one piece of related information in at least one piece of queue status information, a remaining data flow parameter, a current data flow parameter, and a quantity of reporting times of exception information of a target service level of a network device. The control device adjusts, when any information in the related information does not meet a threshold corresponding to the any information, a parameter of the target service level based on a maximum delay associated with the target service level.

Abstract: A service level adjustment method includes obtaining by a first network device at least one piece of queue status information at a target service level of the first network device; when any one of the at least one piece of queue status information exceeds a first threshold upper limit corresponding to the any queue status information, adjusting by the first network device a parameter of the target service level based on a maximum delay associated with the target service level; when the queue status information at the target service level exceeds the corresponding threshold upper limit, adjusting by the first network device the parameter of the target service level based on the associated maximum delay.

Abstract: This application describes a data transmission method, a network node, and a storage medium for communications technologies. In this application, an underlay segment identifier corresponding to an underlay path is designed, and the underlay segment identifier is advertised, so that a node on a segment routing network can sense the underlay path by using the underlay segment identifier. In this way, when a data packet is transmitted, the data packet can be sent based on an underlay segment identifier carried in the data packet and through an underlay path corresponding to the underlay segment identifier. Therefore, an underlay path through which a data packet is to be transmitted may be specified based on a service requirement, so that different data packets can be transmitted through different underlay paths, thereby improving flexibility and facilitating traffic planning.

Abstract: A packet forwarding method includes a head node that receives a segment identifier from a second network device. The segment identifier indicates that the second network device can provide a first forwarding path from the second network device to a network device in the first domain. After obtaining a packet, the first network device generates, based on the segment identifier, a segment identifier list corresponding to a second forwarding path that is used to forward the packet and that passes through the first domain, and forwards the packet to the second network device based on the segment identifier list. The segment identifier list corresponding to the second forwarding path includes the segment identifier.