Abstract: A lithium-ion battery module with large-capacity and without parallel batteries is provided. The lithium-ion battery module includes a lithium-ion battery pack with large-capacity and without parallel group, and a battery management unit. To this end, the lithium-ion battery pack is defined by at least two single polymer lithium-ion batteries connected in series, each with a capacity of 50-2000 AH. The battery management unit includes a master module, a data acquisition module, an equalizer, and detecting components which include at least one current sensor, at least two voltage sensors and at least two temperature sensors. The lithium-ion battery module allows for the working voltage and current of each single polymer lithium-ion battery to be monitored in real time, while also operating at a low temperature thanks to a low internal resistance and good heat conducting qualities provided at the battery module.

Abstract: A method for making a multilayer structure having macroscopic second order nonlinear optical properties is described. The resulting nonlinear optical structures made by the method are also described. The method includes the steps of contacting a substrate having ionic adsorption sites with a first charged polyion; ceasing contact of the substrate with the first charged polyion; and thereafter, contacting the substrate with a second charged polyion having a charge opposite to that of the first charged polyion, wherein at least one of the polyions includes a nonlinear optical chromophoric side chain.