Abstract: Systems and methods related to a fixed pipeline hardware architecture configured to execute smart contracts in an isolated environment separate from a computing processing unit are described herein. Executing a smart contract may comprise performing a set of distributed ledger operations to modify a ledger associated with a decentralized application. The fixed pipeline hardware architecture may comprise and/or be incorporated within a self-contained hardware device comprising electronic circuitry configured to be communicatively coupled or physically attached to a component of a computer system. The hardware device may be specifically programmed to execute, and perform distributed ledger operations associated with, particular smart contracts, or types of smart contracts, that administer different decentralized applications and/or one or more aspects of different decentralized applications.

Abstract: Systems and methods related to processing transaction verification operations in decentralized applications via a fixed pipeline hardware architecture are described herein. The fixed pipeline architecture may comprise one or more hardware components configured to pre-execute transactions (or perform one or more transaction verification operations) for a decentralized application while a block comprising transactions is being generated. For example, the fixed pipeline architecture may prefetch data required to validate a transaction prior to the generation of a new block comprising the transaction and cache the prefetched data in a local buffer. In some implementations, prior to the generation of a block comprising at least one transaction, cryptographic signatures associated with the transaction may be verified and/or the transaction itself may be verified by comparing the local state and the transaction state for the transaction.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to technology executing store and load instructions in a processor. Instructions are fetched, decoded and renamed. When a store instruction is fetched, the instruction is cracked into two operation codes in which a first operation code is a store address and a second operation code is a store data. When a fusion condition is detected, the second operation code is fused or merged with an arithmetic operation instruction for which a source register of a store instruction matches a destination register of the arithmetic operation instruction. The first operation code is then dispatched/issued to a first issue queue and the second operation code, fused with the arithmetic operation instruction, is dispatched/issued to a second issue queue.

Abstract: Systems and methods related to processing transaction verification operations in decentralized applications via a fixed pipeline hardware architecture are described herein. The fixed pipeline hardware architecture may include and/or support at least a crypto engine and a read set validation engine. The crypto engine may itself comprise a hardware architecture configured to perform cryptographic operations necessary to validate signatures for transactions in decentralized applications. In various implementations, the hardware architecture of a crypto engine may include a scheduler and a series of crypto execution units configured to operate in parallel. The scheduler may be configured to decode an algorithm associated with cryptographic signatures to be verified and coordinate the performance of various cryptographic operations amongst individual cryptographic execution units.

Abstract: Systems and methods related to processing transaction verification operations in decentralized applications via a fixed pipeline hardware architecture are described herein. The fixed pipeline hardware architecture may include and/or support at least a crypto engine and a read set validation engine. The crypto engine may itself comprise a hardware architecture configured to perform cryptographic operations necessary to validate signatures for transactions in decentralized applications. In various implementations, the hardware architecture of a crypto engine may include a scheduler and a series of crypto execution units configured to operate in parallel. The read set validation engine may be configured to verify whether a transaction is valid based on a comparison of an incoming transaction state indicating transaction data for the transaction and a local state related to the transaction.

Abstract: Systems and methods related to processing transaction verification operations in decentralized applications via a fixed pipeline hardware architecture are described herein. The fixed pipeline architecture may be included within a decoupled system architecture comprising a computer system configured to execute smart contracts and a physically separate hardware device configured to perform transaction verification operations. The computer system may be configured to maintain a read-only copy of a ledger shared by a plurality of nodes on a peer-to-peer network, and the hardware device may be configured to perform transaction verification operations. As such, the decoupled system architecture provides added security and privacy for the system and the ledger by preventing malicious smart contracts from accessing and/or updating the modifiable copy of the verified ledger.