Abstract: The present disclosure provides methods for increasing the quantity and/or the ratios of erythroblasts, reticulocytes, and/or erythrocytes, or progenitors thereof, in which any of these cells express HbF (e.g. HbF+ and/or HbFhigh cells). The present disclosure further provides methods for treating diseases or disorders characterized by, for example, oxygen delivery deficiencies and/or reduced expression and/or activity of hemoglobin. Such diseases, without limitation, are mitigated by therapeutic reactivation of HbF.

Abstract: Systems and methods for associating cellular constituents with a cellular process of interest are provided. Constituent vectors comprising abundances for a first plurality of cells representing annotated cell states are formed and used to obtain a latent representation of constituent modules having subsets of constituents. A constituent count data structure comprising abundances of the constituents for a second plurality of cells representing covariates of interest is obtained. An activation data structure is formed by combining the latent representation and the constituent count data structure, using constituents as a common dimension. A model is trained using a difference between the predicted and actual absence or presence of each covariate in each cellular constituent module represented in the activation data structure, thus adjusting covariate weights indicating a correlation between covariates and constituent modules across the activation data structure.

Abstract: The present application discloses a method, device, and system for selecting a user plane functional entity supporting non-3GPP access ensure service continuity. When a user equipment (UE) performs access via a 3GPP network, subscription data of the UE are obtained by a CP functional entity. The subscription data include indication information that indicates whether the UE is allowed to connect to a non-3GPP network. If the indication information indicates that the UE is allowed to connect to the non-3GPP network, a target UP functional entity supporting the non-3GPP access is selected by the CP functional entity. The present application is applicable to the field of communications technologies.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention provide an apparatus, a device, and a method. The method comprises: when it is detected that a position of user equipment changes, determining whether an area served by an anchor gateway through which the user equipment connects to a packet data network is consistent with an area served by a data forwarding gateway; sending, to the user equipment when a result of the determining is no, a packet data network connection release request that carries a reconnection indication; receiving a packet data network reconnection request sent by the user equipment; selecting an anchor gateway that serves an area consistent with the area served by the data forwarding gateway; connecting the user equipment to the packet data network by using the selected anchor gateway. Voice service experience of a user may be improved by using the method in the present invention.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention provide a service processing method, a related apparatus, and a system. The method includes: UE adds a service type indication of a service initiated by the UE to an RRC connection request and sends the RRC connection request to a base station, and adds the service type indication of the service initiated by the UE to a non-access stratum NAS request and sends the NAS request to a mobility management network element. In this way, when a network side performs congestion control or overload control, the base station may determine, according to the service type indication, that the service initiated by the UE is a voice service, a video service, or a short message service, accept the RRC connection request. Similarly, the mobility management network element may accept, according to the service type indication, the NAS request.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention provide a failure handling method, a packet data network, a mobility management entity, and a network system. The failure handling method includes: receiving, by a packet data network gateway P-GW, downlink data after detecting that a failure occurs in an associated first S-GW; and sending, by the P-GW, a notification message to a mobility management entity MME by using a second S-GW, where the notification message includes an identifier of the P-GW and an identifier of a user, so that when determining that the identifier of the P-GW included in the notification message is different from a P-GW identifier corresponding to a context identifier of the user, the MME refuses to initiate a procedure for recovering from the failure in the first S-GW. The embodiments of the present invention can prevent a failure recovery procedure from being executed multiple times, and lighten signaling load.

Abstract: A service redundancy method and a related apparatus, where the method includes sending, by a mobility management entity (MME), a request message to a domain name system (DNS) server, receiving a request response message sent including MME codes (MMECs) of all MMEs in the MME pool, determining a backup MME of the MME according to the MMECs of all the MMEs in the MME pool, sending an interface request message to the DNS server, where the interface request message includes an MMEC of the backup MME and the pool identity of the MME pool, receiving an interface response message from the DNS server, where the interface response message includes interface information of the backup MME, and sending, according to the interface information of the backup MME, user information of user equipment UE attached to the MME to the backup MME.

Abstract: The present application discloses a method, device, and system for selecting a user plane functional entity supporting non-3GPP access ensure service continuity. When a user equipment (UE) performs access via a 3GPP network, subscription data of the UE are obtained by a CP functional entity. The subscription data include indication information that indicates whether the UE is allowed to connect to a non-3GPP network. If the indication information indicates that the UE is allowed to connect to the non-3GPP network, a target UP functional entity supporting the non-3GPP access is selected by the CP functional entity. The present application is applicable to the field of communications technologies.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention provide an apparatus, a device, and a method. The method comprises: when it is detected that a position of user equipment changes, determining whether an area served by an anchor gateway through which the user equipment connects to a packet data network is consistent with an area served by a data forwarding gateway; sending, to the user equipment when a result of the determining is no, a packet data network connection release request that carries a reconnection indication; receiving a packet data network reconnection request sent by the user equipment; selecting an anchor gateway that serves an area consistent with the area served by the data forwarding gateway; connecting the user equipment to the packet data network by using the selected anchor gateway. Voice service experience of a user may be improved by using the method in the present invention.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention provide an apparatus, a device, and a method. The method comprises: when it is detected that a position of user equipment changes, determining whether an area served by an anchor gateway through which the user equipment connects to a packet data network is consistent with an area served by a data forwarding gateway; sending, to the user equipment when a result of the determining is no, a packet data network connection release request that carries a reconnection indication; receiving a packet data network reconnection request sent by the user equipment; selecting an anchor gateway that serves an area consistent with the area served by the data forwarding gateway; connecting the user equipment to the packet data network by using the selected anchor gateway. Voice service experience of a user may be improved by using the method in the present invention.

Abstract: The embodiments of the present invention provide a congestion control implementation method and apparatus, where the method includes: determining one or more user equipments for which single radio voice call continuity (SRVCC) offloading needs to be performed; sending an SRVCC offload message to an E-UTRAN NodeB serving the one or more user equipments, so that when triggering an SRVCC handover procedure, the E-UTRAN NodeB switches the one or more user equipments from a Long Term Evolution (LTE) domain to a circuit switched (CS) domain. When the SRVCC handover procedure is completed, the one or more user equipments can be switched from VoLTE user equipments to VoCS user equipments. In this way, LTE cell load can be alleviated and QoS of the one or more user equipments can be guaranteed.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention provide a service processing method, a related apparatus, and a system. The method includes: UE adds a service type indication of a service initiated by the UE to an RRC connection request and sends the RRC connection request to a base station, and adds the service type indication of the service initiated by the UE to a non-access stratum NAS request and sends the NAS request to a mobility management network element. In this way, when a network side performs congestion control or overload control, the base station may determine, according to the service type indication, that the service initiated by the UE is a voice service, a video service, or a short message service, accept the RRC connection request. Similarly, the mobility management network element may accept, according to the service type indication, the NAS request.

Abstract: A service redundancy method and a related apparatus, where the method includes sending, by a mobility management entity (MME), a request message to a domain name system (DNS) server, receiving a request response message sent including MME codes (MMECs) of all MMEs in the MME pool, determining a backup MME of the MME according to the MMECs of all the MMEs in the MME pool, sending an interface request message to the DNS server, where the interface request message includes an MMEC of the backup MME and the pool identity of the MME pool, receiving an interface response message from the DNS server, where the interface response message includes interface information of the backup MME, and sending, according to the interface information of the backup MME, user information of user equipment UE attached to the MME to the backup MME.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention provide a failure handling method, a packet data network, a mobility management entity, and a network system. The failure handling method includes: receiving, by a packet data network gateway P-GW, downlink data after detecting that a failure occurs in an associated first S-GW; and sending, by the P-GW, a notification message to a mobility management entity MME by using a second S-GW, where the notification message includes an identifier of the P-GW and an identifier of a user, so that when determining that the identifier of the P-GW included in the notification message is different from a P-GW identifier corresponding to a context identifier of the user, the MME refuses to initiate a procedure for recovering from the failure in the first S-GW. The embodiments of the present invention can prevent a failure recovery procedure from being executed multiple times, and lighten signaling load.

Abstract: The embodiments of the present invention provide a congestion control implementation method and apparatus, where the method includes: determining one or more user equipments for which single radio voice call continuity (SRVCC) offloading needs to be performed; sending an SRVCC offload message to an E-UTRAN NodeB serving the one or more user equipments, so that when triggering an SRVCC handover procedure, the E-UTRAN NodeB switches the one or more user equipments from a Long Term Evolution (LTE) domain to a circuit switched (CS) domain. When the SRVCC handover procedure is completed, the one or more user equipments can be switched from VoLTE user equipments to VoCS user equipments. In this way, LTE cell load can be alleviated and QoS of the one or more user equipments can be guaranteed.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention provide an apparatus, a device, and a method. The method comprises: when it is detected that a position of user equipment changes, determining whether an area served by an anchor gateway through which the user equipment connects to a packet data network is consistent with an area served by a data forwarding gateway; sending, to the user equipment when a result of the determining is no, a packet data network connection release request that carries a reconnection indication; receiving a packet data network reconnection request sent by the user equipment; selecting an anchor gateway that serves an area consistent with the area served by the data forwarding gateway; connecting the user equipment to the packet data network by using the selected anchor gateway. Voice service experience of a user may be improved by using the method in the present invention.

Abstract: The embodiments of the present invention provide a congestion control implementation method and apparatus, where the method includes: determining one or more user equipments for which single radio voice call continuity (SRVCC) offloading needs to be performed; sending an SRVCC offload message to an E-UTRAN NodeB serving the one or more user equipments, so that when triggering an SRVCC handover procedure, the E-UTRAN NodeB switches the one or more user equipments from a Long Term Evolution (LTE) domain to a circuit switched (CS) domain. When the SRVCC handover procedure is completed, the one or more user equipments can be switched from VoLTE user equipments to VoCS user equipments. In this way, LTE cell load can be alleviated and QoS of the one or more user equipments can be guaranteed.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention provide a service control method, a mobility management entity, and a mobile switching center, and the method includes: determining one or more user equipments; in a scenario of unsolicited circuit switched fallback (CSFB) offloading, sending a notification message to the one or more user equipments, and when a registration request message or a combined registration request message is received, sending a registration accept message or a combined registration accept message to the one or more user equipments; or in a scenario of solicited circuit switched fallback (CSFB) offloading, when a registration request message or a combined registration request message sent by the one or more user equipments is received, sending a registration accept message or a combined registration accept message to the one or more user equipments, so that a user equipment can communicate via a CS domain rather than suffering a voice call failure.

Abstract: An information processing method and system, and a mobility management network element are provided by the embodiments of the present invention. Wherein, the information processing method includes: receiving a message that includes data information of a user equipment UE; determining that the UE is a UE of low data usage; and sending the received data information of the UE to a machine type control server. By using the method, no bearer is activated, and the network side does not need to allocate bearer resources for data transmission of the UE. Therefore, the network load is reduced.

Abstract: A group charging method, a charging processing apparatus and a communication system are provided in the embodiments of the present invention, in which the group charging method includes: obtaining at least one of a group identifier and a field of a charging characteristic of a user equipment; generating a charging rule according to the obtained at least one of the group identifier and the field of the charging characteristic; and charging user equipments in a group according to the charging rules.