Abstract: Provided herein are methods of selectively treating a patient with a gene editing system on the basis of ascertaining the presence of a target sequence, at a target locus, that is fully complementary to a targeting domain of said gene editing system and/or on the basis of ascertaining the absence of a target sequence, at a locus other than the target locus, that is fully complementary to a targeting domain of said gene editing system.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a nanobeam structure by printing, namely coaxial focused electrohydrodynamic jet printing. In this method, under the combined action of electric field, thermal field and flow field, a stable coaxial jet is formed and used to print linear bilayer encapsulated structure on a substrate with a prefabricated support structure. Within the coaxial jet, the nanoscale inner liquid consisting of functional material is encapsulated by the microscale outer liquid consisting of high viscous material, which has the capability to directly print functional nanobeam structures. This high viscous material eliminates the disturbance of external micro-environment, and plays a role of supporting the printed inner structure before complete solidification of the inner material. A nanobeam structure only consisting of inner function material is formed on the substrate when the outer high viscous encapsulated material is removed.

Abstract: High-density arrays, representing approximately 115,000 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) loci, were used to measure genome-wide copy number changes in primary human lung carcinoma specimens and cell lines derived from human lung carcinomas. Changes in DNA copy number contribute to cancer pathogenesis. Recurrent high-level amplifications and homozygous deletions were identified. Systematic copy number analysis identified high-level amplification of numerous genetic loci.

Abstract: A method of making a porous three-dimensional graphene mesh includes combining a graphene-containing material and a polymer having a plurality of hydroxyl groups in an alcohol solvent to form a mixture, adding a salt to the mixture, heating the mixture to form a gel, and washing the gel with water to remove the salt from the gel, leaving behind stable pores to form a scaffold. A three-dimensional porous graphene mesh includes a graphene-containing material and a polymer. The polymer is crosslinked with the graphene-containing material such that the Young's Modulus of the mesh is at least about 5 GPa.

Abstract: A method for forming a graphene quantum dot product includes adding an organic starting material to a vessel and heating the organic starting material to a temperature within 20° C. of the organic starting material's boiling temperature for a time no longer than ten minutes to form graphene quantum dots. A method for sensing a graphene quantum dot includes forming a graphene quantum dot, exciting the graphene quantum dot with light having a first wavelength, measuring light emitted by the excited graphene quantum dot at a second wavelength different from the first wavelength. A graphene quantum dot includes carbon atoms and nitrogen atoms where the nitrogen atoms are present within the graphene quantum dot at a level between 6.0% and 11.0% of a level of carbon atoms present in the graphene quantum dot.

Abstract: A method for forming a graphene quantum dot product includes adding an organic starting material to a vessel and heating the organic starting material to a temperature within 20° C. of the organic starting material's boiling temperature for a time no longer than ten minutes to form graphene quantum dots. A method for sensing a graphene quantum dot includes forming a graphene quantum dot, exciting the graphene quantum dot with light having a first wavelength, measuring light emitted by the excited graphene quantum dot at a second wavelength different from the first wavelength. A graphene quantum dot includes carbon atoms and nitrogen atoms where the nitrogen atoms are present within the graphene quantum dot at a level between 6.0% and 11.0% of a level of carbon atoms present in the graphene quantum dot.

Abstract: One embodiment of the present invention is a hollow silica nanomaterial (HSN). The HSN includes silicon dioxide (SiO2) molecules which join together to form a shell. The shell extends from a first end to a second end and has a generally circular cross section, an inner surface and an opposite outer surface. Another embodiment of the present invention includes a method for forming an HSN. The method includes combining polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and an alcohol to form a mixture, adding water to the mixture, adding sodium citrate to the mixture, adding a silicon-containing compound to the mixture, adding a catalyst to the mixture, and collecting hollow silica nanomaterials.

Abstract: One embodiment of the present invention is a hollow silica nanomaterial (HSN). The HSN includes silicon dioxide (SiO2) molecules which join together to form a shell. The shell extends from a first end to a second end and has a generally circular cross section, an inner surface and an opposite outer surface. Another embodiment of the present invention includes a method for forming an HSN. The method includes combining polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and an alcohol to form a mixture, adding water to the mixture, adding sodium citrate to the mixture, adding a silicon-containing compound to the mixture, adding a catalyst to the mixture, and collecting hollow silica nanomaterials.

Abstract: A method for producing nanoparticles of a selected size includes selecting an organic solvent based upon a molar volume of the organic solvent, the selected nanoparticle size, and a known relationship between the molar volume and the selected nanoparticle size, and producing nanoparticles having the selected size in a water-in-oil microemulsion comprising the selected organic solvent.

Abstract: A nanoaggregate composition and method for making nanoaggregate compositions constructed with one, two, and three nanoparticle building blocks includes coating the building blocks with a concentration of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) molecules based on a known relationship between the concentration and an extent of aggregation of the building blocks, and producing nanoaggregates from the building blocks comprising a mixture of single-core nanoaggregates, double-core nanoaggregates, and triple-core nanoaggregates as a function of the extent of aggregation.

Abstract: A method for producing nanoparticles of a selected size includes selecting an organic solvent based upon a molar volume of the organic solvent, the selected nanoparticle size, and a known relationship between the molar volume and the selected nanoparticle size, and producing nanoparticles having the selected size in a water-in-oil microemulsion comprising the selected organic solvent.

Abstract: Silica-coated nanoparticles functionalized with biologically active molecules such as antibodies and nucleotides are used to label cells, to detect and isolate nucleic acid molecules having specific nucleotide sequences, and to separate a mixture of different nucleic acid molecules.

Abstract: Surfaces coated with a target-induced fluorescent compound are used to detect target elements, especially trace elements. The target-induced fluorescent compound does not fluoresce when excited at a specific wavelength until it has bound a target element. The use of these coated surfaces provides several benefits including reduced background for greater sensitivity and eliminating the need to separate target-induced fluorescent compound that has not bound target element from target-induced fluorescent compound that has bound target element. Coated nanoparticles are especially useful for detection of target elements.

Abstract: Silica-coated nanoparticles functionalized with biologically active molecules such as antibodies and nucleotides are used to label cells, to detect and isolate nucleic acid molecules having specific nucleotide sequences, and to separate a mixture of different nucleic acid molecules.