Abstract: An antenna is provided in this application. The antenna includes multiple radiating units, at least two adjacent radiating units are correspondingly provided with a respective decoupling structure, the decoupling structure includes two microstrip line units, one microstrip line unit of the two microstrip line units includes at least one microstrip line, and the two microstrip line units are located on two opposite sides of two radiating units in a direction perpendicular to an arrangement direction of two adjacent radiating units. According to the antenna provided in the embodiments of the present disclosure, the decoupling structure composed of the microstrip line are disposed on two sides of the at least two adjacent radiating units, so that an indirect coupling field is formed by the decoupling structure, and the indirect coupling field counteracts a direct coupling field between adjacent radiating units.

Abstract: According to embodiments of the present invention, an optical modulator is provided. The optical modulator includes a substrate, and a waveguiding arrangement on the substrate, the waveguiding arrangement having a waveguide, and at least one graphene layer arranged to interact with light propagating in the waveguiding arrangement, wherein the waveguide is designed such that the light interacting with the at least one graphene layer has a maximum intensity overlapping with the at least one graphene layer. According to further embodiments of the present invention, a method for forming the optical modulator, and a method for controlling the optical modulator are also provided.

Abstract: According to embodiments of the present invention, an optical modulator is provided. The optical modulator includes a substrate, and a waveguiding arrangement on the substrate, the waveguiding arrangement having a waveguide, and at least one graphene layer arranged to interact with light propagating in the waveguiding arrangement, wherein the waveguide is designed such that the light interacting with the at least one graphene layer has a maximum intensity overlapping with the at least one graphene layer. According to further embodiments of the present invention, a method for forming the optical modulator, and a method for controlling the optical modulator are also provided.