Abstract: A sensor includes a tweezer source configured to manipulate a defect nanoparticle in a liquid to a desired position in an enclosure containing the liquid and a light source configured to optically excite the defect nanoparticle in the liquid at the desired position. The sensor also includes a radio frequency (RF) excitation source configured to RF excite the defect nanoparticle in the liquid at the desired position and an optical detector configured to receive an optical signal emitted from the optically excited defect nanoparticle.

Abstract: A detachable and replaceable connector base structure for a lithium-ion power tool battery pack, comprising a housing and a circuit board provided at the bottom of the housing; the bottom of the housing is provided with a connector base on which a battery pack is mounted, the connector base is detachably connected to the housing, and a positioning and fixing structure is provided between a side of the connector base and the housing to form a detachable fixed connection between the connector base and the housing; the battery pack is provided with a buckle structure that cooperates with the connector base, and the connector base is further provided with a plurality of conductive inserts. The connector base is detachably connected to the housing of the lithium battery tool in a separable manner, while the battery pack is connected to the housing through the connector base.

Abstract: An interventional delivery device for a heart valve prosthesis, and a threading member of the delivery device. The interventional delivery device for the heart valve prosthesis comprises: an outer tube; an inner tube located in the outer tube; a threading member provided on the inner tube, the threading member being provided with a threading hole and a positioning portion; a suture end positioning member, one end of the suture end positioning member being detachably positioned in the positioning portion of the threading member; and a traction member, one end of the traction member passing through the threading hole to be connected to a heart valve prosthesis and to be connected to the suture end positioning member, and the other end of the traction member extending out of the outer tube.

Abstract: A detachable and replaceable connector base structure for a lithium-ion power tool battery pack includes a housing with a detachable connector base at its bottom. A positioning structure between the base and the housing secures the base in place while permitting removal, and a buckle mechanism on the battery pack locks the battery pack to the base. Conductive inserts in the base provide electrical connection to the tool's circuitry. This design allows the power tool to interchangeably use battery packs of different brands or models without requiring any modification to the tool housing.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and other embodiments described herein relate to determining a location of a sound source and providing feedback of the location to a user. In one embodiment, a method includes determining, via a sound localization system disposed on a frame to be worn on a head of a user, an azimuth angle and an elevation angle of a sound source. The sound localization system includes 1) an array of transducers, 2) a feedback system, and 3) a capacitively coupled circuit per transducer pair. The method also includes generating, via the feedback system, feedback to indicate a location of the sound source relative to a center point of a transparent display surface of the frame.

Abstract: Systems for determining the direction of acoustic waves are described herein. In one example, a system for determining the direction of an acoustic wave includes a capacitively coupled circuit having a first circuit and a second circuit, a first transducer connected to the first circuit, and a second transducer connected to the second circuit. The system may include a memory in communication with a processor and having instructions that, when executed by the processor, cause the processor to determine the direction of an acoustic wave detected by the first and second transducers using a first voltage from the first circuit and a second voltage from the second circuit.

Abstract: An improved locking/unlocking structure for a nailing gun’s locking block includes a power box, a striking pin, and multiple teeth formed on one side of the pin, with a catch slot on the other side. A fixed pivot shaft on the power box supports a rotatable locking block that engages or disengages the slot. A tension spring biases the block toward a locked mode. A drive motor beneath the box drives a cam connected via a synchronization shaft, a support seat, and a lever, restricting the block’s rotation. Elevating or lowering the lever locks or unlocks the block. After 150,000 locking/unlocking cycles, minimal wear is observed, maintaining the gun’s performance and durability. This design significantly improves reliability compared to conventional mechanisms, as repeated operation does not compromise essential functionality or reduce the efficiency of nailing operations. The structure is easily adaptable to various nailing gun models and environments.

Abstract: A supramolecule compound, a two-dimensional rare earth oxysalt, and a preparation method therefor are provided. By utilizing a series of ?-conjugated planar supramolecule compounds as synthesis templates, a variety of novel two-dimensional rare earth oxysalts can be produced. By carefully fine-tuning the properties of the supramolecule compound template, along with the types of oxoanion and organic amine, it is possible to effectively and precisely obtain two-dimensional rare earth oxysalts with diverse structures. This template-based synthesis strategy, leveraging supramolecule compounds, is highly versatile and applicable to all rare earth elements. It enables the preparation of two-dimensional rare earth oxysalts with uniform structures, containing either a single rare earth element or multiple elements, and allows for precise control over the material's properties.

Abstract: Provided are a direction of arrival (DOA) estimation method and system for a sparse array based on Vandermonde decomposition reconstruction, relating to the technical field of array signal processing. The method includes: constructing a covariance matrix completion optimization model based on sparse array signals and uniform linear array signals, and performing Vandermonde decomposition by using characteristics of a uniform linear array; introducing a nuclear norm to optimize a rank function in the model, and updating the covariance matrix completion optimization model; and introducing an auxiliary variable to transform the model into a solvable optimization problem, and solving the problem by an alternating direction multiplier method to obtain an optimal estimation value. The DOA is estimated using a root multiple signal classification algorithm.

Abstract: Systems for directional surface acoustic wave transmission are disclosed herein. In one example, a system includes a transmitter configured to transmit a surface acoustic wave and a receiver configured to receive the surface acoustic wave. A resonant structure may be disposed on the surface of a substrate between the transmitter and receiver and is configured to allow the surface acoustic wave to propagate through the resonant structure towards the receiver and limit a reflection of the surface acoustic wave to propagate through the resonant structure towards the transmitter.

Abstract: An energy harvesting system capable of using vibrational or mechanical energy to direct energy along a line to an energy receiver to transfer the vibrational energy. The energy harvesting system includes an energy transmitter capable of turning rotational or vibrational energy into a linear vibration that travels along the line to an energy receiver that takes the vibrational energy stored in the transverse wave and turns it into rotational motion. The rotational motion can then be used to drive an electric generator. A tension control unit provides tension to the line ensuring the amplitude of the transverse wave is at a maxima when it reaches the energy receiver.

Abstract: Embodiments described herein relate to a self-adaptive thermal management system. The thermal management system includes a first body, a second body, and a third body. The second body has a first layer and a second layer formed from a Weyl semimetal and a third layer sandwiched between the first layer and the second layer. The third layer is formed from a vanadium dioxide film. The second body is spaced apart from the first body. The third body is spaced apart from the second body. The second body is a modulator configured to transition between a metallic phase and an insulating phase dependent on a temperature to regulate a heat from the first body to the third body through the second body in a self-adaptive manner dependent on the temperature.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and other embodiments described herein relate to harvesting circular motion, such as from waves in the ocean. In one embodiment, an energy harvesting device includes a cantilevered shaft attachable horizontally to a body experiencing wave motion. A resonator mass is attached to a free end of the cantilevered shaft. The resonator mass moves with circular motion as the body experiences the wave motion. The energy harvesting device also includes an energy conversion system operatively coupled to the cantilevered shaft. The energy conversion system generates electrical energy from two orthogonal motion components of the circular motion of the resonator mass. The energy harvesting device also includes an energy storage device to store the electrical energy.

Abstract: Systems and methods for estimating the incident angle of an acoustic wave are presented herein. One embodiment is an incident-angle estimation system that includes at least two transducers that receive an acoustic wave and output alternating-current (AC) signals. The system also includes bandpass filters to produce bandpass-filtered AC signals from the AC signals. The system also includes rectifiers to convert the bandpass-filtered AC signals to direct-current (DC) voltages. In this embodiment, the system also includes a processor and a memory storing machine-readable instructions that, when executed by the processor, cause the processor to estimate the incident angle of the acoustic wave based on an analysis of the DC voltages. In another embodiment, an analog circuit to which the DC voltages are input produces an estimate of the incident angle.

Abstract: Disclosed are systems that utilize metamaterials to improve the acoustic performance of a panel, such as a glass panel used in automotive applications. In one example, the system may include a panel having an exterior edge and a metamaterial attached adjacent to the exterior edge of the panel. The metamaterial is configured to minimize the reflection coefficient of flexural waves acting upon the panel.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and other embodiments described herein relate to a cooling system that includes vibrating protrusions to disturb a dissipation-blocking thermal boundary layer. In one embodiment, a cooling system includes a base from which vibrating protrusions extend. The base exhibits 1) vibration at multiple frequencies in a first direction and 2) vibration at multiple frequencies in a second direction. The cooling system includes a first set of vibrating protrusions that vibrate in the first direction. Different vibrating protrusions in the first set have different resonance frequencies that align with the multiple frequencies in the first direction.

Abstract: Systems, apparatuses, and methods provide for measuring elastic modulus usable with a tubular object. A sound signal is propagated within the tubular object via a speaker coupled to a proximal end of an impedance tube. The propagated sound signal is measured within the tubular object via a pair of microphones coupled to the impedance tube. An elastic modulus of the tubular object is determined in response to the measurement of the propagated sound signal.

Abstract: A system for identifying autonomous vehicles includes at least one sensor that may be configured to provide sensor data associated with at least two vehicles. A pre-processing module may be coupled to the at least one sensor and may be configured to determine a set of data including at least car following data based on the sensor data. An autonomous vehicle (AV)/human-driven vehicle (HV) identification neural network may be coupled to the pre-processing module and configured to generate an AV/HV identifier for at least one of the at least two vehicles based on at least the car following data during a predetermined time period.

Abstract: A method and a device for direction of arrival estimation based on one-bit quantization antenna array, the method including: designing a received signal model of robust one-bit radar, designing an optimal objective function of the robust one-bit radar, replacing a first function in the optimal objective function with a second objective function to obtain a new optimal objective function, and according to the new optimal objective function, adopting a proximal alternating minimization method and a gradient descent method to solve the optimization problem and obtain an incident angle of a target echo signal. The embodiments reshape the received signal model of the one-bit radar, enabling the received signals to preserve or reflect the distribution information of noise data. The embodiments utilize a specific norm to describe the distribution of noise, effectively suppressing quantization error bits generated by low signal-to-noise ratio when estimating DoA with one-bit algorithm.

Abstract: System, methods, and other embodiments described herein relate to tuning a mechanical resonator for detecting a significant value using an electrical resonator that enhances sensitivity. In one embodiment, a system includes a mechanical resonator having a beam coupled to a body. The system also includes an electrical resonator coupled through a patch to the mechanical resonator, the electrical resonator operating as a shunt and having an inductor and a resistor (LR) circuit in series. The system also includes the electrical resonator that detects, associated with a perturbation of the body, an exceptional point (EP) of the mechanical resonator by varying the LR circuit according to a model.