Abstract: A silica aerogel having a mean pore size less than 5 nm with a standard deviation of 3 nm. The silica aerogel may have greater than 95% solar-weighted transmittance at a thickness of 8 mm for wavelengths in the range of 250 nm to 2500 nm, and a 400° C. black-body weighted specific extinction coefficient of greater than 8 m2/kg for wavelengths of 1.5 ?m to 15 ?m. Silica aerogel synthesis methods are described. A solar thermal aerogel receiver (STAR) may include an opaque frame defining an opening, an aerogel layer disposed in the opaque frame, with at least a portion of the aerogel layer being proximate the opening, and a heat transfer fluid pipe in thermal contact with and proximate the aerogel layer. A concentrating solar energy system may include a STAR and at least one reflector to direct sunlight to an opening in the STAR.

Abstract: This disclosure provides a method and device for controlling network access. According to the method, an aggregation switch may configure thereon an ACL rule comprising a first network segment and a second network segment, wherein the first network segment and the second network segment correspond to a same user group or different user groups, or the first network segment corresponds to a user group and the second network segment corresponds to a resource group. The aggregation switch may, after receiving a user packet from an access switch, match a source IP address of the user packet with the first network segment, and a destination IP address of the user packet with the second network segment. If the source IP address of the user packet matches with the first network segment and the destination IP address of the user packet matches with the second network segment, the user packet is discarded.

Abstract: In an example, a method of routing management is provided, wherein the method applied in a device for forwarding packet, which includes a main control board, fabric boards and line cards. The main control board may transmit routing entries to one or multiple fabric boards in the device according to a preset entry distribution strategy, transmit routing distribution information for indicating correspondence between each fabric board and a packet character of the routing entries stored in the fabric board to each of the line cards, so that the line card transmits a packet matching the packet character to a corresponding fabric board to be forwarded, according to the routing distribution information.

Abstract: A gateway RB may search for an ARP entry of the destination IP address of an IP packet. The gateway RB may generate an Ethernet header based on a VLAN identification and a MAC address in the found ARP entry and a first local MAC address. The gateway RB may generate an Ethernet packet by adding the generated Ethernet header to the IP packet, and send out the Ethernet packet via an egress port in the found ARP entry; wherein the founded ARP entry is generated by the gateway RB based on a received TRILL-encapsulated ARP packet and a VSI on the gateway RB associating with the first local MAC address and the destination IP address of the IP packet belong to the same VLAN.

Abstract: This disclosure provides a method and device for controlling network access. According to the method, an aggregation switch may configure thereon an ACL rule comprising a first network segment and a second network segment, wherein the first network segment and the second network segment correspond to a same user group or different user groups, or the first network segment corresponds to a user group and the second network segment corresponds to a resource group. The aggregation switch may, after receiving a user packet from an access switch, match a source IP address of the user packet with the first network segment, and a destination IP address of the user packet with the second network segment. If the source IP address of the user packet matches with the first network segment and the destination IP address of the user packet matches with the second network segment, the user packet is discarded.

Abstract: An edge switch receives a VM classification policy and an executing policy corresponding to each VM class distributed by a policy controller. The executing policy comprises information of each service node for processing a message and an executing sequence of the each service node. The edge switch receives a message sent by a VM connected to the edge switch, determines a VM class corresponding to the message according to the VM classification policy and determines an executing policy corresponding to the VM class. The edge switch encapsulates the message according to information of each service node to be executed by a VM of the VM class and an executing sequence, and sends the message, so that the message is sequentially sent to the each service node to be executed by the VM of the VM class to execute a service policy.

Abstract: In an example, a method of routing management is provided, wherein the method applied in device for forwarding packet, which includes a main control board, fabric boards and line cards. The main control board may transmit routing entries to one or multiple fabric boards in the device according to a preset entry distribution strategy, transmit routing distribution information for indicating correspondence between each fabric board and a packet character of the routing entries stored in the fabric board to each of the line cards, so that the line card transmits a packet matching the packet character to a corresponding fabric board to be forwarded, according to the routing distribution information.

Abstract: A first access switch in the first Fabric receives a notification sent by a second access switch in the first Fabric, and the notification includes a nickname of the second access switch. The first access switch identifies an egress interface to a TRILL path from the first access switch to an access switch corresponding to the nickname in the notification. The first access switch stores the egress interface to the TRILL path in a fiber channel (FC) forwarding table. The first access switch forwards a received FCoE packet by using the egress interface stored in the FC forwarding table. The FCoE packet is forwarded by the first access switch without encapsulation with a TRILL header.

Abstract: An edge switch receives a VM classification policy and an executing policy corresponding to each VM class distributed by a policy controller. The executing policy comprises information of each service node for processing a message and an executing sequence of the each service node. The edge switch receives a message sent by a VM connected to the edge switch, determines a VM class corresponding to the message according to the VM classification policy and determines an executing policy corresponding to the VM class. The edge switch encapsulates the message according to information of each service node to be executed by a VM of the VM class and an executing sequence, and sends the message, so that the message is sequentially sent to the each service node to be executed by the VM of the VM class to execute a service policy.

Abstract: A gateway RB may search for an ARP entry of the destination IP address of an IP packet. The gateway RB may generate an Ethernet header based on a VLAN identification and a MAC address in the found ARP entry and a first local MAC address. The gateway RB may generate an Ethernet packet by adding the generated Ethernet header to the IP packet, and send out the Ethernet packet via an egress port in the found ARP entry; wherein the founded ARP entry is generated by the gateway RB based on a received TRILL-encapsulated ARP packet and a VSI on the gateway RB associating with the first local MAC address and the destination IP address of the IP packet belong to the same VLAN.

Abstract: ECMPs are selected from multiple TRILL paths to a gateway. The source MAC address of a received Ethernet packet whose destination MAC address is the MAC address of the gateway is replaced with a local MAC address. A path is selected from the ECMPs, and the Ethernet packet whose source MAC address has been replaced is sent via the selected path.

Abstract: A first access switch in the first Fabric receives a notification sent by a second access switch in the first Fabric, and the notification includes a nickname of the second access switch. The first access switch identifies an egress interface to a TRILL path from the first access switch to an access switch corresponding to the nickname in the notification. The first access switch stores the egress interface to the TRILL path in a fiber channel (FC) forwarding table. The first access switch forwards a received FCoE packet by using the egress interface stored in the FC forwarding table. The FCoE packet is forwarded by the first access switch without encapsulation with a TRILL header.

Abstract: According to an example, a method for forwarding multicast data packets includes receiving a first multicast data packet having a first multicast address, in which the first multicast address belongs to a first multicast group having a multicast source inside of a data center and sending the first multicast data packet through a designated router (DR) router port and a gateway router port, in which the DR router port and the gateway router port correspond to a virtual local area network identifier (VLAN ID) identified in the first multicast data packet.

Abstract: A method and device for processing source role information in which a source role tag is inserted into a packet as an inner VLAN tag of the packet and used to perform role based access control processing for the packet.

Abstract: A method and device for processing source role information in which a source role tag is inserted into a packet as an inner VLAN tag of the packet and used to perform role based access control processing for the packet.

Abstract: An exemplary embodiment of the present invention provides a three-dimensional virtual liver surgery planning system including: a digital imaging and communications in medicine (DICOM) receiving module which receives an abdomen computer tomography (CT) volume data set from a picture archiving and communication system (PACS) server; a DICOM loading and noise removing module which loads the received abdomen CT volume data set and remove noises; a standard liver volume estimation module which estimates a standard liver volume (SLV) from the denoised abdomen CT volume data set; a liver extraction module which extracts a three-dimensional liver region; a vessel extraction module which extracts a three-dimensional vessel region including a portal vein, a hepatic artery, a hepatic vein, and an inferior vena cava (IVC); a tumor extraction module which extracts a three-dimensional tumor region; a liver segmentation module which divides the extracted three-dimensional liver region into several segments using landmarks w

Abstract: According to an example, a method for implementing ECMP in a TRILL network includes: forming a backup group with multiple primary Routing Bridges (RBs) interconnected in the TRILL network; configuring an IP address and a MAC address both associated with each virtual Gateway for each primary RB; configuring a same virtual RB identifier for each primary RB; advertising, by each primary RB, adjacency information about a neighbor RB identifier within the TRILL network; wherein the adjacency information about the neighbor RB identifier includes adjacency information about the virtual RB identifier; enabling a secondary RB accessing a host in the TRILL network to compute and obtain the ECMP information associated with the virtual RB identifier in the TRILL network, in which next hops in the ECMP information associating with the virtual RB identifier are the primary RBs in the backup group are in a one-to-one correspondence.

Abstract: A method, system and device of Transparent Interconnection of Lots of Links (TRILL) network communications across an Internet Protocol (IP) network are provided.

Abstract: A method and device for processing source role information in which a source role tag is inserted into a packet as an inner VLAN tag of the packet and used to perform role based access control processing for the packet.

Abstract: An improved PTC device and method of manufacturing is disclosed. In one embodiment, the device and method incorporates an improved metal-ceramic composite PTC material manufactured by: (a) heating a ceramic material to a sufficiently high temperature to induce the ceramic material's PTC properties; (b) grinding the ceramic PTC material into a powder; (c) mixing the ceramic PTC material powder with a metal material powder so as to produce a metal-ceramic composite material powder; and (d) sintering the composite material powder at a temperature between 600° and 950° C. In alternative embodiments, an improved multi-layer structure and method of manufacturing such a structure is disclosed. In various embodiments, a PTC device made in accordance with the improved multi-layer structure and method of manufacture may or may not incorporate the improved metal-ceramic composite PTC material disclosed herein, but may use conventional ceramic-based PTC materials.