Abstract: Some embodiments include apparatuses and methods of forming the apparatuses. One of the apparatuses includes tiers located one over another; a first staircase structure formed in the tiers; a second staircase structure formed in the tiers adjacent the first staircase structure, respective portions of conductive materials in the tiers forming a part of the first and second staircase structure and a part of respective control gates associated with memory cells; a first trench structure formed in the tiers adjacent the first staircase structure and the second staircase structure, the first trench structure including length in a direction from the first staircase structure to the second staircase structure; and a second trench structure formed in the tiers adjacent the first trench structure, the second trench structure including a length in the direction from the first staircase structure to the second staircase structure.

Abstract: An auxiliary control circuit (100) for a power amplification module, a power amplification module, and a communication device. The auxiliary control circuit (100) for the power amplification module comprises a main control chip (201), a current detection chip (12), and a precision adjustment unit (14). The precision adjustment unit (14) is connected in parallel to a precision control resistor of the current detection chip (12), and a switch control terminal of the precision adjustment unit (14) is electrically connected to the main control chip (201) and is used for adjusting an output voltage amplification factor of the current detection chip (12) when a switch signal outputted by the main control chip (201) is received. A detection input terminal of the current detection chip (12) is used for accessing a voltage to be measured of a power amplifier transistor power supply circuit (102) of the power amplification module.

Abstract: A redundant backup near-end machine, a far-end machine and a system of a digital optical fiber repeater is disclosed. It includes a near-end machine, a far-end machine and an optical fiber, and the near-end machine includes a near-end duplexer module, at least two near-end digital monitoring modules, and a near-end optical interface board module. The near-end optical interface board module includes a near-end digital optical module, and each near-end digital monitoring module is connected in parallel between the near-end duplexer module and the near-end optical interface board module. The far-end machine includes a far-end optical interface board module, at least two far-end digital monitoring modules, a power amplifier module, and a far-end low noise amplifier duplexer module. The far-end optical interface board module includes a far-end digital optical module.

Abstract: A redundant backup near-end machine, a far-end machine and a system of a digital optical fiber repeater is disclosed. It includes a near-end machine, a far-end machine and an optical fiber, and the near-end machine includes a near-end duplexer module, at least two near-end digital monitoring modules, and a near-end optical interface board module. The near-end optical interface board module includes a near-end digital optical module, and each near-end digital monitoring module is connected in parallel between the near-end duplexer module and the near-end optical interface board module. The far-end machine includes a far-end optical interface board module, at least two far-end digital monitoring modules, a power amplifier module, and a far-end low noise amplifier duplexer module. The far-end optical interface board module includes a far-end digital optical module.