Abstract: A method of estimating lateral positioning uncertainties of a seismic image is performed at a computer system. The computer system receives a velocity model, the velocity model including a plurality of base velocity values used for generating the seismic image, each base velocity value having a low limit and a high limit. The computer system derives a plurality of lateral velocity gradient uncertainties from the velocity model and generates multiple lateral velocity gradient profiles, each lateral velocity gradient profile including a random realization of the plurality of lateral velocity gradient uncertainties. The computer system calculates perturbation raypaths originating from a surface point of the seismic image based on the velocity model and the multiple lateral velocity gradient profiles and estimates a lateral positioning uncertainty for a target location at a predefined depth of the seismic image based on lateral distributions of the perturbation raypaths at the predefined depth.

Abstract: A method of estimating lateral positioning uncertainties of a seismic image is performed at a computer system. The computer system receives a velocity model, the velocity model including a plurality of base velocity values used for generating the seismic image, each base velocity value having a low limit and a high limit. The computer system derives a plurality of lateral velocity gradient uncertainties from the velocity model and generates multiple lateral velocity gradient profiles, each lateral velocity gradient profile including a random realization of the plurality of lateral velocity gradient uncertainties. The computer system calculates perturbation raypaths originating from a surface point of the seismic image based on the velocity model and the multiple lateral velocity gradient profiles and estimates a lateral positioning uncertainty for a target location at a predefined depth of the seismic image based on lateral distributions of the perturbation raypaths at the predefined depth.

Abstract: Embodiments of a method for determining a seismic acquisition aperture are disclosed herein. In general, embodiments of the method utilize ray tracing with simulation of dip angles with virtual convex surfaces. In particular, embodiments of the method use the placement of a plurality of spherical convex surfaces around a subterranean region or area of interest. Further details and advantages of various embodiments of the method are described in more detail below.