Abstract: Provided is a method of manufacturing a liquid ejecting head including a pressure generating chamber communicating with a nozzle opening and a piezoelectric element including a piezoelectric layer and an electrode, the method including: forming a first piezoelectric precursor film containing Bi and Fe, or Ba and Ti; forming a first piezoelectric layer by heating and crystallizing the first piezoelectric precursor film; forming a second piezoelectric precursor film further containing at least one selected from Li, B, and Cu on the first piezoelectric layer, in addition to Bi and Fe, or Ba and Ti contained in the first piezoelectric precursor film; and forming the piezoelectric layer by heating and crystallizing the first piezoelectric layer and the second piezoelectric precursor film.

Abstract: A liquid ejecting head includes a pressure generating chamber communicating with a nozzle for ejecting liquid droplets and a piezoelectric element having a piezoelectric layer and a pair of electrodes disposed on both sides of the piezoelectric layer. The piezoelectric layer is made of a perovskite-type oxide containing barium titanate, calcium titanate, and europium oxide.

Abstract: A piezoelectric element includes a piezoelectric layer, and an electrode provided to the piezoelectric layer. The piezoelectric layer is configured of a complex oxide having a perovskite structure containing potassium, sodium, and bismuth, niobium, iron, and chromium.

Abstract: A piezoelectric element comprises a piezoelectric layer made of a perovskite compound containing sodium, potassium, lithium, niobium and tantalum and bismuth manganate and electrodes for applying a voltage to the piezoelectric layer.

Abstract: A liquid ejecting head includes a pressure generating chamber communicating with a nozzle for ejecting liquid droplets and a piezoelectric element having a piezoelectric layer and a pair of electrodes disposed on both sides of the piezoelectric layer. The piezoelectric layer is made of a perovskite-type oxide containing barium titanate, calcium titanate, and europium oxide.

Abstract: A liquid ejecting head includes a piezoelectric element including a first electrode, a seed layer provided on the first electrode and containing BiFeO3 with (001) plane preferential orientation, a piezoelectric layer provided on the seed layer and containing a perovskite-structure (Bi, Nd)(Fe, Mn, Al)O3 composition with (001) plane preferential orientation, and a second electrode provided on the piezoelectric layer.

Abstract: A liquid ejecting head includes a passage-forming substrate provided with a pressure-generating chamber communicated with a nozzle which ejects droplets, and a piezoelectric element provided on the passage-forming substrate. The piezoelectric element includes a piezoelectric layer and a pair of electrodes provided on both surfaces of the piezoelectric layer, and the piezoelectric layer contains BaTiO3, (Bi1/2Na1/2)TiO3, BiFeO3, and Ba(Cu1/2W1/2)O3.

Abstract: A liquid ejecting head includes a passage-forming substrate provided with a pressure-generating chamber communicated with a nozzle which ejects droplets, and a piezoelectric element provided on the passage-forming substrate. The piezoelectric element includes a piezoelectric layer and a pair of electrodes provided on both surfaces of the piezoelectric layer, and the piezoelectric layer contains BaTiO3, CaTiO3, and (Bi1/2Na1/2)TiO3.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a piezoelectric film element includes foursteps. The first is to form a bottom electrode on a Si substrate. The second is to form a seed layer with a layered perovskite structure on the bottom electrode. The third is to form a Bi4Ti3O12—BaBi4Ti4O15 based piezoelectric film on the seed layer. The final step is to form an top electrode on the piezoelectric film.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a piezoelectric film element includes foursteps. The first is to form a bottom electrode on a Si substrate. The second is to form a seed layer with a layered perovskite structure on the bottom electrode. The third is to form a Bi4Ti3O12—BaBi4Ti4O15 based piezoelectric film on the seed layer. The final step is to form an top electrode on the piezoelectric film.

Abstract: The present invention provides a piezoelectric ceramic composition, especially a lead-free piezoelectric ceramic composition, with a suitable amount of CeO2 or CeO2-containing complex additives, which is represented by the following formula: (Na0.475K0.475Li0.05)(Nb1-xAx)O3+yCeO2+zBO2 wherein “A” represents Sb or Sb+Ta, “B” represents a tetravalent transition metal, 0?x?0.2, 0.2 wt %<y<1.2 wt % and 0?z 1 wt %. Addition of CeO2 or CeO2-containing complex additives suppresses melting and abnormal grain growth of (Na0.475K0.475Li0.05)(Nb1-xAx)O3 during sintering, thereby improving sinterability and increasing the density of the composition. As a result, the dielectric and piezoelectric properties of the ceramics are enhanced. Furthermore, the represented compositions have a wide sintering temperature range so that the process for preparing such a lead-free piezoelectric ceramic composition has high degree efficiency.

Abstract: The invention relates to novel bimetallic and trimetallic catalysts, their manufacture and use in both steam reforming and oxidative steam reforming of liquid fuels such as jet fuels, diesel fuels and gasoline to produce synthesis gas and/or hydrogen for fuel cell applications. The invention further relates to manufacture of synthesis gas and/or hydrogen gas for chemicals synthesis and fuel processing. The catalysts have high sulfur tolerance and carbon resistance when used in steam reforming and/or oxidative steam reforming of heavy hydrocarbon fuels.

Abstract: Porous-material-supported polymer sorbents and process for removal of undesirable gases such as H2S, COS, CO2, N2O, NO, NO2, SO2, SO3, HCl, HF, HCN, NH3, H2O, C2H5OH, CH3OH, HCHO, CHCl3, CH2Cl2, CH3Cl, CS2, C4H4S, CH3SH, and CH3—S—CH3 from various gas streams such as natural gas, coal/biomass gasification gas, biogas, landfill gas, coal mine gas, ammonia syngas, H2 and oxo-syngas, Fe ore reduction gas, reformate gas, refinery process gases, indoor air, fuel cell anode fuel gas and cathode air are disclosed. The sorbents have numerous advantages such as high breakthrough capacity, high sorption/desorption rates, little or no corrosive effect and are easily regenerated.

Abstract: A piezoelectric element includes: a first electrode formed above a base substrate; a piezoelectric layer formed above the first electrode; and a second electrode formed above the piezoelectric layer, wherein the piezoelectric layer has a plurality of voids.

Abstract: The present invention provides a piezoelectric ceramic composition, especially a lead-free piezoelectric ceramic composition, with a suitable amount of CeO2 or CeO2-containing complex additives, which is represented by the following formula: (Na0.475K0.475Li0.05)(Nb1-xAx)O3+yCeO2+zBO2 wherein “A” represents Sb or Sb+Ta, “B” represents a tetravalent transition metal, 0?x?0.2, 0.2 wt % <y<1.2 wt % and 0?z 1 wt %. Addition of CeO2 or CeO2-containing complex additives suppresses melting and abnormal grain growth of (Na0.475K0.475Li0.05)(Nb1-xAx)O3 during sintering, thereby improving sinterability and increasing the density of the composition. As a result, the dielectric and piezoelectric properties of the ceramics are enhanced. Furthermore, the represented compositions have a wide sintering temperature range so that the process for preparing such a lead-free piezoelectric ceramic composition has high degree efficiency.