Abstract: Methods, systems, and devices for preemptively loading code dependencies are described. In some systems, an application server—which may be a software component of a user device—may perform a loading process for an application framework module (e.g., based on receiving an execution request for a corresponding application). To reduce the latency of loading the framework module, the application server may perform one or more preemptive non-framework network requests to retrieve code dependencies for the framework or the application code. These requests may be sent prior to the framework loading process, or in parallel with the framework loading process. The application server may receive the code dependencies in response, and may store these dependencies in a memory cache. When the framework loading process needs these code dependencies, the application server may efficiently access the dependencies locally in the memory cache rather than remotely requesting the dependencies over the network.

Abstract: A method and a system of a high-temperature calcium looping thermochemical energy storage are provided. A thermochemical energy storage system is based on CaCO3/CaO, and an energy storage is performed by a mutual transformation between a thermal energy and a chemical energy. When solar irradiation is sufficient, CaCO3 solid particulates are indirectly heated by hot air generated from solar energy to perform an endothermic decomposition reaction, and received heat is stored in decomposition products of CaO and CO2 in a form of the chemical energy. When heat is required, a reversible thermochemical reaction occurs between the CaO and CO2 under an atmospheric pressure, and the chemical energy stored in the CaO and CO2 is transformed into the heat for release.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and devices for preemptively loading code dependencies are described. In some systems, an application server—which may be a software component of a user device—may perform a loading process for an application framework module (e.g., based on receiving an execution request for a corresponding application). To reduce the latency of loading the framework module, the application server may perform one or more preemptive non-framework network requests to retrieve code dependencies for the framework or the application code. These requests may be sent prior to the framework loading process, or in parallel with the framework loading process. The application server may receive the code dependencies in response, and may store these dependencies in a memory cache. When the framework loading process needs these code dependencies, the application server may efficiently access the dependencies locally in the memory cache rather than remotely requesting the dependencies over the network.

Abstract: An image deformation method and an image deformation device are provided. The method includes: acquiring an original image, and acquiring a target shape; deforming the original image into a target image based on a ratio of deformation at a center of the original image to deformation at an edge of the original image, wherein the further the edge of the target image is away from the center of the target image, the greater a deforming degree of the edge of the target image is, and a shape of the target image is the target shape; and displaying the target image.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention provides methods to etching a mask layer, e.g., an absorber layer, disposed in a film stack for manufacturing a photomask in EUV applications and phase shift and binary photomask applications. In one embodiment, a method of etching an absorber layer disposed on a photomask includes transferring a film stack into an etching chamber, the film stack having a chromium containing layer partially exposed through a patterned photoresist layer, providing an etching gas mixture including Cl2, O2 and at least one hydrocarbon gas in to a processing chamber, wherein the Cl2 and O2 is supplied at a Cl2:O2 ratio greater than about 9, supplying a RF source power to form a plasma from the etching gas mixture, and etching the chromium containing layer through the patterned photoresist layer in the presence of the plasma.

Abstract: Embodiments of the disclosure include methods for in-situ chamber cleaning a plasma processing chamber utilized for photomask plasma fabrication process. In one embodiment, a method for in-situ chamber cleaning after a plasma process includes supplying a cleaning gas mixture including at least an oxygen containing gas and a hydrogen containing gas into the plasma processing chamber, controlling the processing pressure at less than 2 millitorr, applying a RF source power to the processing chamber to form a plasma from the cleaning gas mixture, and cleaning the processing chamber in the presence of the plasma.

Abstract: An image deformation method and an image deformation device are provided. The method includes: acquiring an original image, and acquiring a target shape; deforming the original image into a target image based on a ratio of deformation at a center of the original image to deformation at an edge of the original image, wherein the further the edge of the target image is away from the center of the target image, the greater a deforming degree of the edge of the target image is, and a shape of the target image is the target shape; and displaying the target image.

Abstract: Embodiments of the disclosure include methods for in-situ chamber cleaning a plasma processing chamber utilized for photomask plasma fabrication process. In one embodiment, a method for in-situ chamber cleaning after a plasma process includes supplying a cleaning gas mixture including at least an oxygen containing gas and a hydrogen containing gas into the plasma processing chamber, controlling the processing pressure at less than 2 millitorr, applying a RF source power to the processing chamber to form a plasma from the cleaning gas mixture, and cleaning the processing chamber in the presence of the plasma.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention provides methods to etching a mask layer, e.g., an absorber layer, disposed in a film stack for manufacturing a photomask in EUV applications and phase shift and binary photomask applications. In one embodiment, a method of etching an absorber layer disposed on a photomask includes transferring a film stack into an etching chamber, the film stack having a chromium containing layer partially exposed through a patterned photoresist layer, providing an etching gas mixture including Cl2, O2 and at least one hydrocarbon gas in to a processing chamber, wherein the Cl2 and O2 is supplied at a Cl2:O2 ratio greater than about 9, supplying a RF source power to form a plasma from the etching gas mixture, and etching the chromium containing layer through the patterned photoresist layer in the presence of the plasma.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention provides methods to etching a mask layer, e.g., an absorber layer, disposed in a film stack for manufacturing a photomask in EUV applications and phase shift and binary photomask applications. In one embodiment, a method of etching an absorber layer disposed on a photomask includes transferring a film stack into an etching chamber, the film stack having a chromium containing layer partially exposed through a patterned photoresist layer, providing an etching gas mixture including Cl2, O2 and at least one hydrocarbon gas in to a processing chamber, wherein the Cl2 and O2 is supplied at a Cl2:O2 ratio greater than about 9, supplying a RF source power to form a plasma from the etching gas mixture, and etching the chromium containing layer through the patterned photoresist layer in the presence of the plasma.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention provides methods to etching a mask layer, e.g., an absorber layer, disposed in a film stack for manufacturing a photomask in EUV applications and phase shift and binary photomask applications. In one embodiment, a method of etching an absorber layer disposed on a photomask includes transferring a film stack into an etching chamber, the film stack having a chromium containing layer partially exposed through a patterned photoresist layer, providing an etching gas mixture including Cl2, O2 and at least one hydrocarbon gas in to a processing chamber, wherein the Cl2 and O2 is supplied at a Cl2:O2 ratio greater than about 9, supplying a RF source power to form a plasma from the etching gas mixture, and etching the chromium containing layer through the patterned photoresist layer in the presence of the plasma.

Abstract: Embodiments of the invention include methods for in-situ chamber dry cleaning a plasma processing chamber utilized for photomask plasma fabrication process. In one embodiment, a method for in-situ chamber dry clean after photomask plasma etching includes performing an in-situ pre-cleaning process in a plasma processing chamber, supplying a pre-cleaning gas mixture including at least an oxygen containing gas into the plasma processing chamber while performing the in-situ pre-cleaning process, providing a substrate into the plasma processing chamber, performing an etching process on the substrate, removing the substrate from the substrate, and performing an in-situ post cleaning process by flowing a post cleaning gas mixture including at least an oxygen containing gas into the plasma processing chamber.

Abstract: A method for etching a chromium layer is provided herein. In one embodiment, a method for etching a chromium layer includes providing a filmstack in an etching chamber, the filmstack having a chromium layer partially exposed through a patterned layer, providing at least one halogen containing process gas to a processing chamber, biasing the layer disposed on a substrate support in the processing chamber with a plurality of power pulses less than 600 Watts, and etching the chromium layer through a patterned mask. The method for plasma etching a chromium layer described herein is particularly suitable for fabricating photomasks.

Abstract: Embodiments of the invention include method for in-situ chamber dry clean after photomask plasma etching. In one embodiment, the method includes placing a photomask upon a support pedestal, introducing a process gas into a process chamber, forming a plasma from the process gas, etching a chromium containing layer disposed on the photomask in the presence of the plasma, removing the photomask from the support pedestal, placing a dummy substrate on the pedestal and performing an in-situ dry cleaning process by flowing a cleaning gas containing O2 through the process chamber while the dummy substrate is disposed on the support pedestal.

Abstract: A phase shifting photomask comprising a patterned film stack formed on a transparent substrate and a method of fabricating the photomask are disclosed. In one embodiment, the film stack includes a first layer having a pre-determined value of transparency to light of an illumination source of a lithographic system and a second layer that is substantially transparent to the light and facilitates in the light a pre-determined phase shift.

Abstract: A phase shifting photomask comprising a patterned film stack formed on a transparent substrate and a method of fabricating the photomask are disclosed. In one embodiment, the film stack includes a first layer having a pre-determined value of transparency to light of an illumination source of a lithographic system and a second layer that is substantially transparent to the light and facilitates in the light a pre-determined phase shift.

Abstract: A method for removal of metallic residue from a substrate after a plasma etch process in a semiconductor substrate processing system by cleaning the substrate in a hydrogen fluoride solution.

Abstract: A method of patterning a layer of magnetic material to form isolated magnetic regions. The method forms a mask on a film stack comprising a layer of magnetic material such that the protected and unprotected regions are defined. The unprotected regions are etched in a high temperature environment to form isolated magnetic regions.

Abstract: A method for etching a chromium layer is provided herein. In one embodiment, a method for etching a chromium layer includes providing a filmstack in an etching chamber, the filmstack having a chromium layer partially exposed through a patterned layer, providing at least one halogen containing process gas to a processing chamber, biasing the layer disposed on a substrate support in the processing chamber with a plurality of power pulses less than 600 Watts, and etching the chromium layer through a patterned mask. The method for plasma etching a chromium layer described herein is particularly suitable for fabricating photomasks.

Abstract: A method for removal of residues after plasma etching a film stack comprising a first layer and a sacrificial layer. The method treats a substrate containing the film stack after the first layer of the film stack has been etched to remove residue produced during the etching process. The treatment is performed in a buffered oxide etch wet dip solution that removes the residue and the sacrificial layer.