Abstract: The present application generally relates to the development of live attenuated Pneumoviridae strains suitable for use as a vaccine. Particularly, human metapneumovirus (hMPV) ?M2-2 strains (rhMPV-E30M31 and rhMPV-E40L42D44) containing point mutations in a PDZ motif of M2-2, which results in a strain that is both attenuated and immunogenic and, notably, maintains the function of F and G proteins. These live attenuated hMPV strains should be suitable for use in a vaccine capable of providing protection against respiratory infection elicited by hMPV. Additionally, human respiratory syncytial virus (hRSV) strains containing point mutations in a PDZ motif of M2-2 should also be suitable for use as a vaccine capable of providing protection against respiratory infection elicited by hRSV. These Pneumoviridae strains should be useful in vaccines for use in humans and animals, e.g., companion animals and livestock, in treating or providing immunoprotection against respiratory infections.

Abstract: The present invention includes a method for treating Alzheimer's Disease, the method comprising the steps of: performing or having performed an assay that determines a level of one or more tRNA derived RNA fragments (tRFs), NOP2/Sun RNA methyltransferase 2 (NSun2), or angiogenin, in a biological sample when compared to a comparator sample; and if the patient has an increase in the one or more tRFs, a decrease in NOP2/Sun RNA NSun2 or NSun2 activity, or an increase in angiogenin or angiogenin activity then treating the patient with a NSun2 agonist, a nucleic acid or protein that inhibits or degrades tRFs, or an inhibitor of angiogenin.

Abstract: The present application generally relates to the development of live attenuated Pneumoviridae strains suitable for use as a vaccine. Particularly, human metapneumovirus (hMPV) ?M2-2 strains (rhMPV-E30M31 and rhMPV-E40L42D44) containing point mutations in a PDZ motif of M2-2, which results in a strain that is both attenuated and immunogenic and, notably, maintains the function of F and G proteins. These live attenuated hMPV strains should be suitable for use in a vaccine capable of providing protection against respiratory infection elicited by hMPV. Additionally, human respiratory syncytial virus (hRSV) strains containing point mutations in a PDZ motif of M2-2 should also be suitable for use as a vaccine capable of providing protection against respiratory infection elicited by hRSV. These Pneumoviridae strains should be useful in vaccines for use in humans and animals, e.g., companion animals and livestock, in treating or providing immunoprotection against respiratory infections.

Abstract: Provided herein are methods for altering respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) replication in a cell using oligonucleotides derived from tRNAs, also referred to as tRFs (tRNA-derived RNA Fragments). The oligonucleotides may be used to decrease or increase replication of RSV. Also provided herein are methods for treating a subject having or at risk of having an RSV infection, and animal models for evaluating viral and host factors in RSV pathogenesis.

Abstract: Provided herein are methods for altering respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) replication in a cell using oligonucleotides derived from tRNAs, also referred to as tRFs (tRNA-derived RNA Fragments). The oligonucleotides may be used to decrease or increase replication of RSV. Also provided herein are methods for treating a subject having or at risk of having an RSV infection, and animal models for evaluating viral and host factors in RSV pathogenesis.