Abstract: MicroOrganoSpheres (MOS) generated using cells from multiple myeloma bone marrow biopsies are provided herein, as are methods and materials for making and using such MOS.

Abstract: Methods and materials for generating and using patient-derived MicroOrganoSpheres (e.g., MicroOrganoSpheres derived from tumor tissue) are provided herein.

Abstract: Methods of treatment and patient specific clinical trials are disclosed. According to an aspect, a method includes generating a patient specific tumor model. The method also includes testing one or more drugs on the patient specific tumor model. Further, the method includes treating a patient based on the results of the patient specific tumor model tests.

Abstract: Systems and methods consistent with the present invention generally relate to microorganospheres (MOSs), and methods and apparatuses for forming and using MOSs. More particularly, in some embodiments, systems and methods consistent with the invention relate to the methods and apparatuses for forming and using MOSs generated from hepatocytes. MOPSs that are generated from hepatocytes are suitable for testing liver toxicity and drug induced liver injury effects of various agents.

Abstract: Method and apparatuses for forming gel droplets including biological tissue (e.g., cells), and in particular, methods and apparatuses for removing oil from the gel droplets comprising dissociated cells (including micro-organospheres) are described herein. Although it is beneficial to use oil in the formation of these gel droplets, and particularly micro-organospheres, oil may inhibit growth and survival of the cells within the gel droplets. The methods and apparatuses described herein may permit the removal of oil and may enhance survival and quality of the resulting gel droplets.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and apparatus for an imaging-based MicroOrganoSphere drug assay. In one aspect, a method includes obtaining image data of a well plate comprising a plurality of MicroOrganoSpheres; in response to applying a machine learning model configured to identify instances of at least some of the plurality of MicroOrganoSpheres in the image data, obtaining (i) indications indicative of each instance of the MicroOrganoSpheres and (ii) attributes of each instance of the MicroOrganoSpheres; and normalizing, based on the indications and the attributes, a well-to-well variation in the well plate.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a method for testing immuno-oncology drugs and biologics using microorganospheres (MOSs). The method comprises forming a plurality of MOSs from cancerous tumor biopsy tissue with such forming comprising dissociating cells from the cancerous tumor biopsy tissue and combining the dissociated cells with a fluid matrix material. The dissociating itself comprises an enzyme digestion protocol, mincing the cancerous tumor biopsy tissue, and incubating the cancerous tumor biopsy tissue in a digestion solution with agitation. The method also comprises testing at least one immuno-oncology drug or biologic using the plurality of MOSs within 10 days after forming the plurality of MOSs.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and apparatus for an imaging-based MicroOrganoSphere drug assay. In one aspect, a method includes obtaining image data of a well plate comprising a plurality of MicroOrganoSpheres; in response to applying a machine learning model configured to identify instances of at least some of the plurality of MicroOrganoSpheres in the image data, obtaining (i) indications indicative of each instance of the MicroOrganoSpheres and (ii) attributes of each instance of the MicroOrganoSpheres; and normalizing, based on the indications and the attributes, a well-to-well variation in the well plate.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and apparatus for an imaging-based MicroOrganoSphere drug assay. In one aspect, a method includes obtaining image data of a well plate comprising a plurality of MicroOrganoSpheres; in response to applying a machine learning model configured to identify instances of at least some of the plurality of MicroOrganoSpheres in the image data, obtaining (i) indications indicative of each instance of the MicroOrganoSpheres and (ii) attributes of each instance of the MicroOrganoSpheres; and normalizing, based on the indications and the attributes, a well-to-well variation in the well plate.

Abstract: A method for treating cachexia in a subject in need thereof includes stimulating the parasympathetic nervous system of the subject thereby treating cachexia in the subject. Stimulating the parasympathetic nervous system can increase expression of urea cycle enzymes in the liver of the subject. Parasympathetic nervous system stimulation can comprise stimulating the vagus nerve, for example, the cervical vagus nerve or the hepatic branch of the vagus nerve. Pulses can be delivered at a frequency ranging from 1 Hz to 10 Hz or at a frequency of about 5 KHz.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and apparatus for an imaging-based MicroOrganoSphere drug assay. In one aspect, a method includes obtaining image data of a well plate comprising a plurality of MicroOrganoSpheres; in response to applying a machine learning model configured to identify instances of at least some of the plurality of MicroOrganoSpheres in the image data, obtaining (i) indications indicative of each instance of the MicroOrganoSpheres and (ii) attributes of each instance of the MicroOrganoSpheres; and normalizing, based on the indications and the attributes, a well-to-well variation in the well plate.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and apparatus for an imaging-based MicroOrganoSphere drug assay. In one aspect, a method includes obtaining image data of a well plate comprising a plurality of MicroOrganoSpheres; in response to applying a machine learning model configured to identify instances of at least some of the plurality of MicroOrganoSpheres in the image data, obtaining (i) indications indicative of each instance of the MicroOrganoSpheres and (ii) attributes of each instance of the MicroOrganoSpheres; and normalizing, based on the indications and the attributes, a well-to-well variation in the well plate.

Abstract: Method and apparatuses for forming gel droplets including biological tissue (e.g., cells), and in particular, methods and apparatuses for removing oil from the gel droplets comprising dissociated cells (including micro-organospheres) are described herein. Although it is beneficial to use oil in the formation of these gel droplets, and particularly micro-organospheres, oil may inhibit growth and survival of the cells within the gel droplets. The methods and apparatuses described herein may permit the removal of oil and may enhance survival and quality of the resulting gel droplets.

Abstract: The present disclosure describes, in part, a Micro-organosphere immune-oncology assay and methods of making and using same. The assay quickly measures the potency of effector immune cells, such as tumor infiltrating lymphocytes, at killing a patient's tumor cells. Understanding the potency of effector immune cells is critical for adoptive T cell therapy.

Abstract: Method and apparatuses for forming gel droplets including biological tissue (e.g., cells), and in particular, methods and apparatuses for removing oil from the gel droplets comprising dissociated cells (including micro-organospheres) are described herein. Although it is beneficial to use oil in the formation of these gel droplets, and particularly micro-organospheres, oil may inhibit growth and survival of the cells within the gel droplets. The methods and apparatuses described herein may permit the removal of oil and may enhance survival and quality of the resulting gel droplets.

Abstract: Micro-Organosphers, including Patient-Derived Micro-Organospheres (PMOS s), apparatuses and methods of making them, and apparatuses and methods of using them. Also described herein are methods and systems for screening a patient using these Patient-Derived Micro-Organospheres, including personalized therapies.

Abstract: Micro-Organospheres, including Patient-Derived Micro-Organospheres (PMOSs), apparatuses and methods of making them, and apparatuses and methods of using them. Also described herein are methods and systems for screening a patient using these Patient-Derived Micro-Organospheres, including personalized therapies.

Abstract: Micro-Organosphers, including Patient-Derived Micro-Organospheres (PMOSs), apparatuses and methods of making them, and apparatuses and methods of using them. Also described herein are methods and systems for screening a patient using these Patient-Derived Micro-Organospheres, including personalized therapies.

Abstract: Patient specific clinical trials and associated methods of treatment are disclosed. According to an aspect, a method includes generating a patient specific tumor model. The method also includes testing one or more drugs on the patient specific tumor model. Further, the method includes treating a patient based on the results of the patient specific tumor model tests.

Abstract: Method and apparatuses for forming gel droplets including biological tissue (e.g., cells), and in particular, methods and apparatuses for removing oil from the gel droplets comprising dissociated cells (including micro-organospheres) are described herein. Although it is beneficial to use oil in the formation of these gel droplets, and particularly micro-organospheres, oil may inhibit growth and survival of the cells within the gel droplets. The methods and apparatuses described herein may permit the removal of oil and may enhance survival and quality of the resulting gel droplets.